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Background Brucella spp. is a zoonotic bacterial agent of high public health and socio-economic importance. It infects many species of animals including wildlife, and people may get exposed through direct contact with an infected animal or consumption of raw or undercooked animal products. A link...


Kairu-Wanyoike, S.Nyamwaya, D.Wainaina, M.Lindahl, Johanna F.Ontiri, E.Bukachi, S.Njeru, I.Karanja, J.Sang, R.Grace, DeliaBett, Bernard K.[Positive association between Brucella spp. seroprevalences in livestock and humans from a cross-sectional study in Garissa and Tana River Counties, Kenya]Positive association between Brucella spp. seroprevalences in livestock and humans from a cross-sectional study in Garissa and Tana River Counties, Kenya

Milk is an important source of energy and nutrients, especially for children, and in Kenya, milk consumption is higher than other countries in the region. One major concern with milk is the risks of chemical contaminants, and reports of high levels of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk in Kenya has been...


Lindahl, Johanna F.Kagera, I.N.Grace, Delia[Aflatoxin M1 levels in different marketed milk products in Nairobi, Kenya]Aflatoxin M1 levels in different marketed milk products in Nairobi, Kenya

Background: Food safety is of increasing global concern, and a OneHealth issue requiring attention of many disciplines. Aflatoxins are toxins produced by fungi and found in foods and feeds, and exposure causes negative health effects in humans and animals. When lactating animals consume aflatoxin...


Anyango, G.Mutua, F.Kagera, I.Andang'o, P.Grace, DeliaLindahl, Johanna F.[A survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu County, Kenya]A survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu County, Kenya

Objectives Brucellosis is caused by bacteria from the genus Brucella which infect human and domestic animals as well as wildlife. The Maasai Mara National Reserve has vast populations of wild ruminants such as buffaloes and wildebeest which could contribute to the risk of brucellosis in livestoc...


Enström, S.Nthiwa, D.Bett, Bernard K.Karlsson, A.Alonso, SilviaLindahl, Johanna F.[Brucella seroprevalence in cattle near a wildlife reserve in Kenya]Brucella seroprevalence in cattle near a wildlife reserve in Kenya

To investigate the effects of irrigation on land cover changes and the risk of selected zoonotic pathogens, we carried out a study in irrigated, pastoral and riverine areas in the eastern Kenya. Activities implemented included secondary data analyses to determine land use and land cover (LULC) ch...


Bett, Bernard K.Said, Mohammed YahyaSang, R.Bukachi, S.Wanyoike, S.Kifugo, S.C.Otieno, F.Ontiri, E.Njeru, I.Lindahl, Johanna F.Grace, Delia[Effects of flood irrigation on the risk of selected zoonotic pathogens in an arid and semi-arid area in the eastern Kenya]Effects of flood irrigation on the risk of selected zoonotic pathogens in an arid and semi-arid area in the eastern Kenya

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute mosquito-borne viral zoonosis whose outbreaks are often associated with prolonged rainfall and flooding, during which large numbers of vectors emerge. Recent studies into the inter-epidemic maintenance of RVF virus (RVFV) suggest that both vertical transmission...


Mbotha, D.Bett, Bernard K.Kairu-Wanyoike, S.W.Grace, DeliaKihara, AbsolomonWainaina, M.Hoppenheit, A.Clausen, P.H.Lindahl, Johanna F.[Inter-epidemic Rift Valley fever virus seroconversions in an irrigation scheme in Bura, south-east Kenya]Inter-epidemic Rift Valley fever virus seroconversions in an irrigation scheme in Bura, south-east Kenya

Humans have never been healthier, wealthier or more numerous. Yet, present success may be at the cost of future prosperity and in some places, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, poverty persists. Livestock keepers, especially pastoralists, are over-represented among the poor. Poverty has been main...


Grace, DeliaLindahl, Johanna F.Wanyoike, Francis N.Bett, Bernard K.Randolph, Thomas F.Rich, Karl M.[Poor livestock keepers: ecosystem–poverty–health interactions]Poor livestock keepers: ecosystem–poverty–health interactions

Aflatoxins are toxic by-products of fungi contaminating maize and other crops; they can be carried over into milk, meat and eggs when livestock eat aflatoxin-contaminated feed or fodder. People who consume such animal products are exposed to the toxins. To assess the aflatoxin contamination statu...


Kirino, Y.Makita, K.Grace, DeliaLindahl, Johanna F.[Survey of informal milk retailers in Nairobi, Kenya and prevalence of aflatoxin M1 in marketed milk]Survey of informal milk retailers in Nairobi, Kenya and prevalence of aflatoxin M1 in marketed milk

Aflatoxins continue to be a food safety problem globally, especially in developing regions. A significant amount of effort and resources have been invested in an attempt to control aflatoxins. However, these efforts have not substantially decreased the prevalence nor the dietary exposure to aflat...


Ahlberg, Sara H.Grace, DeliaOkoth, S.Lindahl, Johanna F.[Aflatoxin binders in foods for human consumption—Can this be promoted safely and ethically?]Aflatoxin binders in foods for human consumption—Can this be promoted safely and ethically?

The planet’s mean air and ocean temperatures have been rising over the last century because of increasing greenhouse gas emissions. These changes have substantial effects on the epidemiology of infectious diseases. We describe direct and indirect processes linking climate change and infectious di...


Bett, Bernard K.Kiunga, P.Gachohi, John M.Sindato, C.Mbotha, D.Robinson, Timothy P.Lindahl, Johanna F.Grace, Delia[Effects of climate change on the occurrence and distribution of livestock diseases]Effects of climate change on the occurrence and distribution of livestock diseases

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