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Machila, N.Fèvre, Eric M.Maudlin, I.Eisler, M.C.[Farmer estimation of live bodyweight of cattle: Implications for veterinary drug dosing in East Africa]Farmer estimation of live bodyweight of cattle: Implications for veterinary drug dosing in East Africa

A survey to investigate resistance to drugs used in the treatment of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted in the eastern province of Zambia between 1996 and 1998. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts (Petauke, Katete, Lundazi) at 34 village sampling sites selected at random fr...


Sinyangwe, L.Delespaux, V.Brandt, J.Geerts, S.Mubanga, J.Machila, N.Holmes, P.H.Eisler, M.C.[Trypanocidal drug resistance in eastern province of Zambia]Trypanocidal drug resistance in eastern province of Zambia

In a tsetse-infested area of Kenya, we characterised veterinary-drug outlets based on personnel and business characteristics to assess their capacities to provide clinical veterinary services. Structured questionnaires were administered to the retailers and sought information on the characterist...


Bett, Bernard K.Machila, N.Gathura, P.B.McDermott, John J.Eisler, M.C.[Characterisation of shops selling veterinary medicines in a tsetse-infested area of Kenya]Characterisation of shops selling veterinary medicines in a tsetse-infested area of Kenya

This article explores the implications for human health of local interactions between disease, ecosystems and livelihoods. Five interdisciplinary case studies addressed zoonotic diseases in African settings: Rift Valley fever (RVF) in Kenya, human African trypanosomiasis in Zambia and Zimbabwe, L...


Leach, M.Bett, Bernard K.Said, M.Bukachi, S.Sang, R.Anderson, N.Machila, N.Kuleszo, J.Schaten, K.Dzingirai, V.Mangwanya, L.Ntiamoa-Baidu, Y.Lawson, E.Amponsah-Mensah, K.Moses, L.M.Wilkinson, A.Grant, D.S.Koninga, J.[Local disease–ecosystem–livelihood dynamics: reflections from comparative case studies in Africa]Local disease–ecosystem–livelihood dynamics: reflections from comparative case studies in Africa

A study using a structured questionnaire was conducted in Busia District, Western Kenya and Kwale District, Coastal Kenya to obtain qualitative and quantitative information from 256 cattle owners about their production systems, their perceptions of the diseases encountered in their cattle, the ...


Machila, N.Wanyangu, S.W.McDermott, John J.Welburn, S.C.Maudlin, I.Eisler, M.C.[Cattle owners' perceptions of African bovine trypanosomiasis and its control in Busia and Kwale Districts of Kenya]Cattle owners' perceptions of African bovine trypanosomiasis and its control in Busia and Kwale Districts of Kenya

This paper describes the development, design, dissemination and evaluation of a communication intervention designed to promote appropriate usage of trypanocidal drugs in trypanosomiasis endemic areas of western and coastal Kenya. Following a baseline study on current trypanosomiasis knowledge, at...


Machila, N.Emongor, RosemaryShaw, A.P.Welburn, S.C.McDermott, John J.Maudlin, I.Eisler, M.C.[A community education intervention to improve bovine trypanosomiasis knowledge and appropriate use of trypanocidal drugs on smallholder farms in Kenya]A community education intervention to improve bovine trypanosomiasis knowledge and appropriate use of trypanocidal drugs on smallholder farms in Kenya

Resistance to the drugs used to control African animal trypanosomosis is increasingly recognised as a constraint to livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. The most commonly used tests for detection of trypanocidal drug resistance are tests using mice or ruminants, but these suffer from lack ...


Eisler, M.C.Brandt, J.Bauer, B.Clausen, P.H.Delespaux, V.Holmes, P.H.Ilemobade, A.Machila, N.Mbwambo, H.McDermott, John J.Mehlitz, D.Murilla, G.Ndung'u, J.M.Peregrine, A.S.Sidibe, I.Sinyangwe, L.Geerts, S.[Standardised tests in mice and cattle for the detection of drug resistance in tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes of African domestic cattle]Standardised tests in mice and cattle for the detection of drug resistance in tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes of African domestic cattle

The indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti-trypanosomal antibodies in bovine serum was adapted for use with dried blood spots on filter paper. Aborbance (450 nm) results for samples were expressed as percent positivity, i.e., percentage of the median absorban...


Hopkins, J.S.Chitambo, H.Machila, N.Luckins, A.G.Rae, P.F.Bossche, P. van denEisler, M.C.[Adaptation and validation of antibody-ELISA using dried blood spots on filter paper for epidemiological surveys of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis in cattle]Adaptation and validation of antibody-ELISA using dried blood spots on filter paper for epidemiological surveys of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis in cattle
Wissmann, B. vonMachila, N.Picozzi, K.Fèvre, Eric M.[Factors associated with acquisition of human infective and animal infective trypanosome infections in domestic livestock in Western Kenya]Factors associated with acquisition of human infective and animal infective trypanosome infections in domestic livestock in Western Kenya

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