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This study documented the effect on the productivity of Dorper-Merino cross ewes when they became infected with Cowdria ruminantium as would occur in an endemically stable state. A flock of 152 breeding ewes was randomly divided into two matched groups. One group was infected on multiple occasion...


Martínez, T.A.Meltzer, M.I.Perry, Brian D.Burridge, M.J.Mahan, S.M.[The effect of subclinical experimental Cowdria ruminantium infection on the health and reproductive performance of breeding ewes]The effect of subclinical experimental Cowdria ruminantium infection on the health and reproductive performance of breeding ewes

The indirect MAP 1B ELISA based on the recombinant MAP 1B fragment of the immunodominant MAP 1 protein of Ehrlichia ruminantium is considered to be the most sensitive and specific assay for the serodiagnosis of heartwater. In this study, we evaluated its reliability in detecting exposure to E....


Peter, T.F.O'Callaghan, C.J.Medley, G.F.Perry, Brian D.Semu, S.M.Mahan, S.M.[Population-based evaluation of the Ehrlichia ruminantium MAP 1B indirect ELISA]Population-based evaluation of the Ehrlichia ruminantium MAP 1B indirect ELISA

Three species of wild African ruminants. impala (Aepyceros melampus), sable (Hippotragus equinus, and tsessebe (Damaliscus lunatus), were experimentally inoculated with in vitro culture-derived Cowdria ruminantium organisms, the tick-borne causative agent of heartwater in domestic ruminants, to d...


Peter, T.F.Anderson, E.C.Burridge, M.J.Perry, Brian D.Mahan, S.M.[Susceptibility and carrier status of impala, sable and tsessebe for Cowdria ruminantium infection (heartwater)]Susceptibility and carrier status of impala, sable and tsessebe for Cowdria ruminantium infection (heartwater)

A mathematical description of the transmission dynamics of the tick-borne infection Cowdria ruminantium in commercial beef enterprises in Zimbabwe was used to consider the potential impact of a candidate vaccine to prevent heartwater. The important characteristics of the vaccine were (1) a delay ...


O'Callaghan, C.J.Medley, G.F.Peter, T.F.Mahan, S.M.Perry, Brian D.[Predicting the effect of vaccination on the transmission dynamics of heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection)]Predicting the effect of vaccination on the transmission dynamics of heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection)

There is growing evidence that immunity of cattle to Cowdria ruminantium infection is mediated by T lymphocytes. C. ruminantium antigens that stimulate these responses are therefore of considerable importance to the development of a sub-unit vaccine against the disease. We have examined T cell re...


Mwangi, D.M.McKeever, Declan J.Nyanjui, J.K.Barbet, A.F.Mahan, S.M.[Immunisation of cattle against heartwater by infection with Cowdria ruminantium elicits T lymphocytes that recognise major antigenic proteins 1 and 2 of the agent]Immunisation of cattle against heartwater by infection with Cowdria ruminantium elicits T lymphocytes that recognise major antigenic proteins 1 and 2 of the agent

Understanding the basis of protective immunity to Cowdria ruminantium will facilitate the development of an effective subunit vaccine against heartwater in ruminants and contribute to a better definition of protective immune mechanisms to obligate intracellular pathogens in general. Until recentl...


Totte, P.Bensaid, A.Mahan, S.M.Martínez, D.McKeever, Declan J.[Immune responses to Cowdria ruminantium infections]Immune responses to Cowdria ruminantium infections

As part of a series of studies associated with the development of improved vaccines for heartwater (a tick-borne disease of ruminant livestock caused by Cowdria ruminantium), field surveys were carried out to assess losses associated with the disease and the costs associated with controlling it i...


Chamboko, TafireyiMukhebi, A.W.Callaghan, C.J.O.Peter, T.F.Kruska, R.L.Medley, G.F.Mahan, S.M.Perry, Brian D.[The control of heartwater on large-scale commercial and smallholder farms in Zimbabwe]The control of heartwater on large-scale commercial and smallholder farms in Zimbabwe

Heartwater, caused by the rickettsial organism Cowdria ruminantium, is a serious constraint to livestock development in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Traditionally, the disease has been controlled by the use of chemical acaricides to control the vector tick. The University of Florida/USAID-supporte...


Mukhebi, A.W.Chamboko, TafireyiO'Callaghan, C.J.Peter, T.F.Kruska, R.L.Medley, G.F.Mahan, S.M.Perry, Brian D.[An assessment of the economic impact of heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection) and its control in Zimbabwe]An assessment of the economic impact of heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection) and its control in Zimbabwe

Adult Amblyomma hebraeum ticks, the principle vector of heartwater (cowdriosis) of domestic ruminants in southern Africa, were collected in pheromone traps placed in Kruger National Park, an exclusively wildlife sanctuary in South Africa. These ticks transmitted Cowdria ruminantium, the rickettsi...


Peter, T.F.Bryson, N.R.Perry, Brian D.O'Callaghan, C.J.Medley, G.F.Smith, G.E.Mlambo, G.Horak, I.G.Burridge, M.J.Mahan, S.M.[Cowdria ruminantium infection in ticks in the Kruger National Park]Cowdria ruminantium infection in ticks in the Kruger National Park

An alternative control option for heartwater (Cowdria ruminatium infection) is the establishment and maintenance of endemic stability which would lessen the existing dependence on acaricides. In an endemically stable state, animals become infected by vaccination or natural challenge at an early a...


Martínez, T.A.Meltzer, M.I.Perry, Brian D.Burridge, M.J.Mahan, S.M.[The effect of subclinical experimental Cowdria ruminantium infection in ewes on the growth and milk consumption of pre-weaning lambs]The effect of subclinical experimental Cowdria ruminantium infection in ewes on the growth and milk consumption of pre-weaning lambs

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