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Surveys were carried out in Zambia twice yearly from 1986 to 1990, to assess the impact of a biological control campaign against the cassava mealybug (CM), Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr., throughout the infested area. From 1984 onward, the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hym....


Chakupurakal, J.Markham, R.H.Neuenschwander, P.Sakala, M.Malambo, C.Mulwanda, D.Banda, E.Chalabesa, A.Bird, T.Haug, T.M.[Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zambia]Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zambia

Two specific endophagous parasitoids Gyranusoidea tebygi and Anagyrus mangicola, of Indian origin, were mass‐reared at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in Cotonou and released against the mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens, in collaboration with national biological control pr...


Neuenschwander, P.Boavida, C.Bokonon-Ganta, A.H.Gado, A.Herren, H.R.[Establishment and spread of Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes and Anagyrus mangicola Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), two biologigal control agents released against the mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Africa]Establishment and spread of Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes and Anagyrus mangicola Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), two biologigal control agents released against the mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Africa

The cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.‐Ferr., spread in Zaire from foci at Kinshasa (1973), Mulandi (1978), and Goma (1982). It now occurs over an area of 560 000 km2, mainly in regions with a dry season of at least 90 days. Within these regions the pest occurs principally in areas havin...


Hennessey, R.D.Neuenschwander, P.Muaka, T.[Spread and current distribution of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zaire]Spread and current distribution of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zaire

(1) The effects of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr., on cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, growth, development and yields as modified by weather, soil water and nitrogen, and natural enemies were examined. (2) Rainfall-induced mortality and plant carbohydrate stress were the...


Gutiérrez, A.P.Neuenschwander, P.Schulthess, F.Herren, H.R.Baumgaertner, J.U.Wermelinger, B.Lohr, B.Ellis, C.K.[Analysis of the biological control of cassava pests in Africa: II. Cassava mealybug (Phenaccoccus manihoti)]Analysis of the biological control of cassava pests in Africa: II. Cassava mealybug (Phenaccoccus manihoti)
Goergen, Georg E.Tamò, M.Kyofa-Boamah, M.E.Bokonon-Ganta, A.H.Neuenschwander, P.[Papaya mealybug: a new invading pest in West Africa]Papaya mealybug: a new invading pest in West Africa

During the Africa-wide Biological Control project, the neotropical parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was established in 26 African countries, causing a satisfactory reduction in the population density of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr. (Hom...


Neuenschwander, P.[Control of the cassava mealybug in Africa: lessons from a biological control project]Control of the cassava mealybug in Africa: lessons from a biological control project

The metapopulation dynamics of the African cassava food web is explored using a physiologically based tritrophic model. The interacting species are cassava, cassava mealybug and its natural enemies (two parasitoids, a coccinellid predator and a fungal pathogen), and the cassava greenmite and its ...


Gutiérrez, A.P.Yaninek, John S.Neuenschwander, P.Ellis, C.K.[A physiologically based tritrophic metapopulation model of the African cassava food web]A physiologically based tritrophic metapopulation model of the African cassava food web

1. A unified ratio-dependent supply-demand driven tritrophic model of the cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) system was compared to field data, and then used to explore the basis for the successful control of cassava mealybug (CM, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr.) in Africa by the exotic parasitoi...


Gutiérrez, A.Neuenschwander, P.Alphen, J. van[Factors affecting biological control of cassava mealybug by exotic parasitoids: a ratio dependent supply demand driven model]Factors affecting biological control of cassava mealybug by exotic parasitoids: a ratio dependent supply demand driven model

Population data concerning the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero, the introduced parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis), and indigenous antagonists were collected, together with ecological and plant growth variables, during a survey of 414 fields covering all ecologic...


Neuenschwander, P.Hammond, W.Ajuonu, O.Gado, A.Echendu, N.Bokonon-Ganta, A.H.Allomasso, R.Okon, I.[Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom., Pseudococcidae) by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym., Encyrtidae) in West Africa, as influenced by climate and soil]Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom., Pseudococcidae) by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym., Encyrtidae) in West Africa, as influenced by climate and soil

In surveys of cassava fields in the coastal savanna and rain forest zones of Ghana, eight species of ants, mostly in the genera Camponotus, Crematogaster and Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), were found attending cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero. Ant densities were much hig...


Cudjoe, A.Neuenschwander, P.Copland, M.[Interference by ants in biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Ghana]Interference by ants in biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Ghana

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