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Many individual hosts are infected with multiple parasite species, and this may increase or decrease the pathogenicity of the infections. This phenomenon is termed heterologous reactivity and is potentially an important determinant of both patterns of morbidity and mortality and of the impact of ...


Woolhouse, Mark E.J.Thumbi, S.M.Jennings, A.Chase-Topping, M.Callaby, R.Kiara, Henry K.Oosthuizen, M.C.Mbole-Kariuki, Mary N.Conradie, I.Handel, I.G.Poole, Elizabeth J.Njiiri, E.Collins, N.E.Murray, G.Tapio, M.Auguet, O.T.Weir, W.Morrison, W. IvanKruuk, L.E.B.Bronsvoort, B.M. de C.Hanotte, Olivier H.Coetzer, K.Toye, Philip G.[Co-infections determine patterns of mortality in a population exposed to parasite infection]Co-infections determine patterns of mortality in a population exposed to parasite infection
Naessens, JanSileghem, M.R.MacHugh, Niall D.Park, Y.H.Davis, W.C.Toye, Philip G.[Selection of BoCD25 monoclonal antibodies by screening mouse L cells transfected with the bovine p55-interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor gene]Selection of BoCD25 monoclonal antibodies by screening mouse L cells transfected with the bovine p55-interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor gene

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess whether cytotoxic T cells (CTL) generated by the live vaccine, known as “ITM Muguga cocktail”, which is used for the cattle disease East Cost fever (ECF) in Sub-Saharan Africa, showed a broad reactivity against many different strains of the ca...


Steinaa, LucillaSvitek, NicholasAwino, EliasSaya, RosemaryToye, Philip G.[Cytotoxic T lymphocytes from cattle sharing the same MHC class I haplotype and immunized with live Theileria parva sporozoites differ in antigenic specificity]Cytotoxic T lymphocytes from cattle sharing the same MHC class I haplotype and immunized with live Theileria parva sporozoites differ in antigenic specificity

The research objective was to develop a thermostable vaccine against peste des petits ruminants (PPR), a morbilliviral disease of small ruminants targeted for eradication that is a major constraint on the livelihoods of the rural poor throughout much of Africa and Asia. Although existing PPR vacc...


Mariner, Jeffrey C.Gachanja, J.Tindih, H.S.Toye, Philip G.[A thermostable presentation of the live, attenuated peste des petits ruminants vaccine in use in Africa and Asia]A thermostable presentation of the live, attenuated peste des petits ruminants vaccine in use in Africa and Asia

Kiara, Henry K.Steinaa, LucillaSvitek, NicholasSchieck, Elise G.Toye, Philip G.[Access to livestock health interventions and products in dairy and cattle value chains in Tanzania]Access to livestock health interventions and products in dairy and cattle value chains in Tanzania

capacity and infrastructure of government services for disease identification and control are often limited. In the absence of systematic surveillance systems for animal diseases, the information on pathogens affecting livestock has been filled by targeted surveys conducted in certain locations a...


Alonso, SilviaToye, Philip G.Jores, JoergWakhungu, Judi W.Msalya, G.Grace, DeliaUnger, Fred[The known and the unknowns: A multipathogen survey to identify diseases in cattle herds in Tanzania]The known and the unknowns: A multipathogen survey to identify diseases in cattle herds in Tanzania

Cattle diseases remain a major constraint to increasing dairy productivity in Tanzania, by killing or keeping them sick and under-producing. Recent studies report overall mortality between 12 and 14 % in smallholder dairy cattle across different regions of Tanzania. Many of these diseases can als...


Alonso, SilviaUnger, FredToye, Philip G.Jores, JoergWakhungu, Judi W.Msalya, G.Grace, Delia[Cattle diseases in dairy herds in Tanzania: Farmers’ view and laboratory confirmation]Cattle diseases in dairy herds in Tanzania: Farmers’ view and laboratory confirmation

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes an economically important disease of sheep and goats, primarily in developing countries. It is becoming the object of intensive international control efforts. Current vaccines do not allow vaccinated and infected animals to be distinguished (no DIVA ...


Holzer, B.Taylor, G.Rajko-Nenow, P.Hodgson, S.Okoth, Edward A.Herbert, R.Toye, Philip G.Baron, M.D.[Determination of the minimum fully protective dose of adenovirus-based DIVA vaccine against peste des petits ruminants virus challenge in East African goats]Determination of the minimum fully protective dose of adenovirus-based DIVA vaccine against peste des petits ruminants virus challenge in East African goats

African Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is the wildlife reservoir of multiple species within the apicomplexan protozoan genus Theileria, including Theileria parva which causes East coast fever in cattle. A parasite, which has not yet been formally named, known as Theileria sp. (buffalo) has been r...


Bishop, Richard P.Hemmink, W.I.Morrison, J.D.Weir, W.Toye, Philip G.Sitt, T.Spooner, P.R.Musoke, A.J.Skilton, Robert A.Odongo, David O.[The African buffalo parasite Theileria. sp. (buffalo) can infect and immortalize cattle leukocytes and encodes divergent orthologues of Theileria parva antigen genes]The African buffalo parasite Theileria. sp. (buffalo) can infect and immortalize cattle leukocytes and encodes divergent orthologues of Theileria parva antigen genes

Tick-borne diseases are a major impediment to improved productivity of livestock in sub-Saharan Africa. Improved control of these diseases would be assisted by detailed epidemiological data. Here we used longitudinal, serological data to determine the patterns of exposure to Theileria parva, Thei...


Kiara, Henry K.Jennings, A.Bronsvoort, B.M. de C.Hande, I.G.Mwangi, S.T.Mbole-Kariuki, Mary N.Wyk, I.C. vanPoole, Elizabeth J.Hanotte, Olivier H.Coetzer, J.A.W.Woolhouse, Mark E.J.Toye, Philip G.[A longitudinal assessment of the serological response to Theileria parva and other tick-borne parasites from birth to one year in a cohort of indigenous calves in western Kenya]A longitudinal assessment of the serological response to Theileria parva and other tick-borne parasites from birth to one year in a cohort of indigenous calves in western Kenya

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