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Many individual hosts are infected with multiple parasite species, and this may increase or decrease the pathogenicity of the infections. This phenomenon is termed heterologous reactivity and is potentially an important determinant of both patterns of morbidity and mortality and of the impact of ...


Woolhouse, Mark E.J.Thumbi, S.M.Jennings, A.Chase-Topping, M.Callaby, R.Kiara, Henry K.Oosthuizen, M.C.Mbole-Kariuki, Mary N.Conradie, I.Handel, I.G.Poole, Elizabeth J.Njiiri, E.Collins, N.E.Murray, G.Tapio, M.Auguet, O.T.Weir, W.Morrison, W. IvanKruuk, L.E.B.Bronsvoort, B.M. de C.Hanotte, Olivier H.Coetzer, K.Toye, Philip G.[Co-infections determine patterns of mortality in a population exposed to parasite infection]Co-infections determine patterns of mortality in a population exposed to parasite infection

Tick-borne diseases are a major impediment to improved productivity of livestock in sub-Saharan Africa. Improved control of these diseases would be assisted by detailed epidemiological data. Here we used longitudinal, serological data to determine the patterns of exposure to Theileria parva, Thei...


Kiara, Henry K.Jennings, A.Bronsvoort, B.M. de C.Hande, I.G.Mwangi, S.T.Mbole-Kariuki, Mary N.Wyk, I.C. vanPoole, Elizabeth J.Hanotte, Olivier H.Coetzer, J.A.W.Woolhouse, Mark E.J.Toye, Philip G.[A longitudinal assessment of the serological response to Theileria parva and other tick-borne parasites from birth to one year in a cohort of indigenous calves in western Kenya]A longitudinal assessment of the serological response to Theileria parva and other tick-borne parasites from birth to one year in a cohort of indigenous calves in western Kenya

Parasite burden varies widely between individuals within a population, and can covary with multiple aspects of individual phenotype. Here we investigate the sources of variation in faecal strongyle eggs counts, and its association with body weight and a suite of haematological measures, in a coho...


Callaby, R.Hanotte, Olivier H.Wyk, I.C. vanKiara, Henry K.Toye, Philip G.Mbole-Kariuki, Mary N.Jennings, A.Thumbi, S.M.Coetzer, J.A.W.Bronsvoort, B.M. de C.Knott, S.A.Woolhouse, Mark E.J.Kruuk, L.E.B.[Variation and covariation in strongyle infection in East African shorthorn zebu calves]Variation and covariation in strongyle infection in East African shorthorn zebu calves
Fèvre, Eric M.Coleman, P.G.Odiit, M.Magona, J.W.Welburn, S.C.Woolhouse, Mark E.J.[The origins of a new Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness outbreak in eastern Uganda]The origins of a new Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness outbreak in eastern Uganda

Most studies of infectious diseases in East African cattle have concentrated on gastro-intestinal parasites and vector-borne diseases. As a result, relatively little is known about viral diseases, except for those that are clinically symptomatic or which affect international trade such as foot an...


Callaby, R.Toye, Philip G.Jennings, A.Thumbi, S.M.Wyk, I.C. vanHanotte, Olivier H.Mbole-Kariuki, Mary N.Bronsvoort, B.M. de C.Kruuk, L.E.B.Woolhouse, Mark E.J.Kiara, Henry K.[Seroprevalence of respiratory viral pathogens of indigenous calves in western Kenya]Seroprevalence of respiratory viral pathogens of indigenous calves in western Kenya
Fèvre, Eric M.Odiit, M.Coleman, P.G.Woolhouse, Mark E.J.Welburn, S.C.[Estimating the burden of rhodesiense sleeping sickness during an outbreak in Serere, eastern Uganda]Estimating the burden of rhodesiense sleeping sickness during an outbreak in Serere, eastern Uganda

Endemic stability is an epidemiological state of a population, in which clinical disease is scarce despite high level of infection. The notion was developed to describe patterns of tick-borne disease in cattle. However, we propose a general, nodes of endemic stability that is applicable to a broa...


Coleman, P.G.Perry, Brian D.Woolhouse, Mark E.J.[Endemic stability - a veterinary idea applied to human public health]Endemic stability - a veterinary idea applied to human public health

Kiara, Henry K.Bronsvoort, B.M. de C.Hanotte, Olivier H.Coetzer, J.A.W.Toye, Philip G.Woolhouse, Mark E.J.[The Infectious Diseases of East Africa Livestock (IDEAL)]The Infectious Diseases of East Africa Livestock (IDEAL)

In natural populations, individuals may be infected with multiple distinct pathogens at a time. These pathogens may act independently or interact with each other and the host through various mechanisms, with resultant varying outcomes on host health and survival. To study effects of pathogens and...


Thumbi, S.M.Bronsvoort, B.M. de C.Poole, Elizabeth J.Kiara, Henry K.Toye, Philip G.Mbole-Kariuki, Mary N.Conradie, I.Jennings, A.Handel, I.G.Coetzer, J.A.W.Steyl, J.C.A.Hanotte, Olivier H.Woolhouse, Mark E.J.[Parasite co-infections and their impact on survival of indigenous cattle]Parasite co-infections and their impact on survival of indigenous cattle

The presence of bluetongue virus (BTV) and Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease virus (EHDV) in indigenous calves in western Kenya was investigated. Serum was analysed for BTV and EHDV antibodies. The population seroprevalences for BTV and EHDV for calves at 51 weeks of age were estimated to be 0.942 (...


Toye, Philip G.Batten, C.A.Kiara, Henry K.Henstock, M.R.Edwards, L.Thumbi, S.M.Poole, Elizabeth J.Handel, I.G.Bronsvoort, B.M. de C.Hanotte, Olivier H.Coetzer, J.A.W.Woolhouse, Mark E.J.Oura, C.A.L.[Bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in local breeds of cattle in Kenya]Bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in local breeds of cattle in Kenya

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