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The risk of infection by milk-borne brucellosis is one reason for public health regulations which discourage informal milk markets that sell unpasteurized milk. However, these regulations are not generally implemented in many developing countries. Kenya is a typical example, with over 85% of mil...
Investigates the time of appearance and the persistence of antibodies in N'Dama cattle bitten by infected tsetse flies under controlled conditions, the serology of village animals exposed to natural trypanosomiasis risk and the time of appearance and duration of anti-trypanosomal antibodies throu...
Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) caused by different protozoan and rickettsial species occur all over the world but their greatest impact is in the tropics and subtropics where they cause huge losses mainly in improved breeds of cattle. The economically important tick-transmitted diseases of cattle are...
Immune mechanisms against Cowdria ruminantium infection in livestock hosts are being investigated. This knowledge will be important for identification of protective antigens of C. ruminantium which will have application in the Development of vaccines against heartwater. T-cell Con-A supernatants ...
This paper studies East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection) risk in four district smallholder-farming areas of Kenya representing a range of epidemiological states of the disease. The areas include Kakamega, where indigenous cattle are intensively grazed with minimal tick control under modera...
The classification of bovine immunoglobulins is similar to that of nonruminant mammals, namely IgM, IgA, IgG<sub>1, IgG<sub>2 and IgE. There are minimal differences between IgG<sub>1 and IgG<sub>2 in complement fixation, ability to mediate passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, phagocytosis of coated er...
Advances in biotechnological techniques are driven by the needs of the human populations. The new techniques in biotechnology have been developed as a consequence of the integrated use of microbiology, biochemistry and chemical engineering. Some of these technologies are being employed in the der...
Diagnosis is an essential requirement in the management of disease both at the level of the individual, when a decision has to be made whether to treat or not, and at the epidemiological level for evaluating the performance of disease control strategies. The centrality of diagnosis in disease man...
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