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An improved Theileria parva DNA detection assay based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers derived from the 104 kDa antigen (p104) gene was developed to detect parasite DNA in blood spots on filter paper. The specificity of the assay was validated using DNA from a wide range of ca...


Skilton, Robert A.Bishop, Richard P.Katende, J.M.Mwaura, S.Morzaria, S.P.[The persistence of Theileria parva infection in cattle immunised using two stocks which differ in their ability to induce a carrier state: Analysis using a novel blood spot PCR assay]The persistence of Theileria parva infection in cattle immunised using two stocks which differ in their ability to induce a carrier state: Analysis using a novel blood spot PCR assay

Vaccines based on recombinant Bm86 gut antigen from Boophilus microplus are a useful component of integrated control strategies against B. microplus infestations of cattle. The capacity of such vaccines to control heterologous infestations by two African tick species was investigated. The mean we...


Odongo, D.Kamau, L.Skilton, Robert A.Mwaura, S.Nitsch, C.Musoke, A.J.Taracha, E.A.Daubenberger, C.A.Bishop, Richard P.[Vaccination of cattle with TickGARD induces cross-reactive antibodies binding to conserved linear peptides of Bm86 homologues in Boophilus decoloratus]Vaccination of cattle with TickGARD induces cross-reactive antibodies binding to conserved linear peptides of Bm86 homologues in Boophilus decoloratus

The transcriptional control of gene expression is not well documented in the Arthropoda. We describe transcriptional analysis of two exceptionally divergent homologues (Ra86) of the Bm86 gut antigen from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Bm86 forms the basis of a commercial vaccine for the control of...


Kamau, L.Skilton, Robert A.Odongo, David O.Mwaura, S.Githaka, Naftaly W.Kanduma, E.G.Obura, M.Kabiru, E.Orago, A.Musoke, A.J.Bishop, Richard P.[Differential transcription of two highly divergent gut-expressed Bm86 antigen gene homologues in the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acari: Ixodida)]Differential transcription of two highly divergent gut-expressed Bm86 antigen gene homologues in the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acari: Ixodida)

Mycoplasma species are responsible for several economically significant livestock diseases for which there is a need for new and improved vaccines. Most of the existing mycoplasma vaccines are attenuated strains that have been empirically obtained by serial passages or by chemical mutagenesis. Th...


Lartigue, C.Valverde Timana, Y.Labroussaa, F.Schieck, Elise G.Liljander, Anne M.Sacchini, FlavioPosthaus, H.Batailler, B.Sirand-Pugnet, P.Vashee, S.Jores, JoergBlanchard, Alain[Attenuation of a pathogenic Mycoplasma strain by modification of the obg gene by using synthetic biology approaches]Attenuation of a pathogenic Mycoplasma strain by modification of the obg gene by using synthetic biology approaches

A double bounded contingent valuation (CV) model was used to assess the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for vaccination of cattle against RVF in a sample of 276 livestock producers in Murang’a, Laikipia and Kwale Counties. While the level of awareness about the disease was rather low, nearly all respond...


Wanyoike, Francis N.Mtimet, NadhemBett, Bernard K.[Willingness to pay for a Rift Valley fever (RVF) vaccine among Kenyan cattle producers]Willingness to pay for a Rift Valley fever (RVF) vaccine among Kenyan cattle producers

Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are a major economic constraint to livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. ILRI is focussing on developing a range of products, such as vaccines, diagnostics and decision support services to underpin improved control programmes against these diseases. We have develo...


Morzaria, S.P.Katende, J.Musoke, A.J.Nene, VishvanathSkilton, Robert A.Bishop, Richard P.[Development of sero-diagnostic and molecular tools for the control of important tick-borne pathogens of cattle in Africa]Development of sero-diagnostic and molecular tools for the control of important tick-borne pathogens of cattle in Africa
Rurangirwa, F.R.Musoke, A.J.Nantulya, V.M.Tabel, H.[Immune depression in bovine trypanosomiasis. Effects of acute and chronic Trypanosoma congolense and chronic Trypanosoma vivax infections on antibody response to Brucella abortus vaccine]Immune depression in bovine trypanosomiasis. Effects of acute and chronic Trypanosoma congolense and chronic Trypanosoma vivax infections on antibody response to Brucella abortus vaccine

This review of the prospects for developing an immunization procedure against trypanosomiasis explores a number of promising avenues of research. Part I covers variable antigen types (VATs); metacyclic antigens; in vivo and in vitro attenuation; and molecular and genetic engineering. Part II, to ...


Murray, M.Barry, J.D.Morrison, W. IvanWilliams, R.O.Hirumi, H.Rovis, L.A.[A review of the prospects for vaccination in African trypanosomiasis. Part I]A review of the prospects for vaccination in African trypanosomiasis. Part I

Current vaccines for bovine hemoparasites utilize live attenuated organisms or virulent organisms administered concurrently with antiparasitic drugs. Although such vaccines can be effective, for most hemoparasites the mechanisms of acuquired resistance to challenge infection with heterologous par...


Brown, W.C.Zhao, S.Logan, K.S.Grab, D.J.Rice-Ficht, A.C.[Identification of candidate vaccine antigens of bovine hemoparasites Theileria parva and Babesia bovis by use of helper T cell clones]Identification of candidate vaccine antigens of bovine hemoparasites Theileria parva and Babesia bovis by use of helper T cell clones

T cell responses play an important role in immunity to parasites and other microbial agents of infectious diseases, therefore a number of T cell-directed vaccines are in development. Computer-driven algorithms that facilitate the discovery of T cell epitopes from protein and genome sequences are ...


Groot, A.S.Nene, VishvanathHegde, N.R.Srikumaran, S.Rayner , J.Martin, W.[T cell epitope identification for bovine vaccines: An epitope mapping method for BoLA A-11]T cell epitope identification for bovine vaccines: An epitope mapping method for BoLA A-11

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