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Economic reform programs assume that major goods are tradable, such that depreciation of the real exchange rate raises the value of output compared to factor costs in domestic currency. In Tanzania, major food staples that account for most real income are non-tradables in at least one-quarter of ...
Some smallholders are able to generate reliable and substantial income flows through small-scale dairy production for the local market; for others, a set of unique transactions costs hinders participation. Co-operative selling institutions are potential catalysts for mitigating these costs, stimu...
Dairy production is a key small farm strategy for generating income in the Nairobi milk shed. The high perishability of milk under Kenyan conditions appears to be associated with a high frequency of small individual transactions, the terms of which are subject to forced “fire” sales, delayed paym...
Fixed transactions costs that prohibit exchange engender bias in supply analysis due to censoring of the sample observations. The associated bias in conventional regression procedures applied to censored data and the construction of robust methods for mitigating bias have been preoccupations of a...
There are large economics of scale in processing and retailing livestock-origin food products, but much less in production once market distortions favouring large producers are either removed or otherwise balanced for smaller farmers through market-oriented means. In order to understand these und...
This paper discusses the potential impacts of the formation of milk groups on farm households that participate by selling milk, and develops a conceptual framework for assessing those impacts. It then explores the financial and technical performance of four milk groups formed prior to 1997, and t...
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