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Irrigation using untreated wastewater poses health risks to farmers and consumers of crop products, especially vegetables. With hardly any wastewater treatment in Ghana, a multiple-barrier approach was adopted and safe re-use practices were developed through action research involving a number of ...


Keraita, Bernard N.Abaidoo, R.C.Beernaerts, InesKoo-Oshima, SashaAmoah, PhilipDrechsel, PayKonradsen, Flemming[Safe re-use practices in wastewater-irrigated urban vegetable farming in Ghana]Safe re-use practices in wastewater-irrigated urban vegetable farming in Ghana

In this article the authors draw from a comparative assessment of different interventions, examining their costs, risk-reduction potential and cost-effectiveness. They consider a case study in Ghana, using an approach that integrates quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA), disability-adjus...


Drechsel, PaySeidu, R.[Cost-effectiveness of options for reducing health risks in areas where food crops are irrigated with treated or untreated wastewater]Cost-effectiveness of options for reducing health risks in areas where food crops are irrigated with treated or untreated wastewater

The increased emphasis on non- or post-treatment measures in the 2006 edition of the World Health Organization Guidelines on the safe use of wastewater in agriculture will require behaviour change along the food chain. Low health risk awareness likely limits adoption of safe food practices in man...


Karg, H.Drechsel, Pay[Motivating behaviour change to reduce pathogenic risk where unsafe water is used for irrigation]Motivating behaviour change to reduce pathogenic risk where unsafe water is used for irrigation
Danso, George K.Drechsel, PayFialor, S.Giordano, Mark[Estimating the demand for municipal waste compost via farmers' willingness-to-pay in Ghana]Estimating the demand for municipal waste compost via farmers' willingness-to-pay in Ghana
Afrane, Y.A.Klinkenberg, EvelineDrechsel, PayOwusu-Daaku, K.Garms, R.Kruppa, T.[Does irrigated urban agriculture influence the transmission of malaria in the City of Kumasi, Ghana?]Does irrigated urban agriculture influence the transmission of malaria in the City of Kumasi, Ghana?

Failure is the norm for urban sanitation infrastructure in Ghana: of the rather substantial number of wastewater and faecal sludge treatment plants, with about 70 mostly decentralized systems throughout the country, less than 10 are operating effectively. This research presents an overview of the...


Murray, AshleyDrechsel, Pay[Why do some wastewater treatment facilities work when the majority fail? Case study from the sanitation sector in Ghana]Why do some wastewater treatment facilities work when the majority fail? Case study from the sanitation sector in Ghana
Evans, Alexandra E.V.Otoo, MiriamDrechsel, PayDanso, George K.[Developing typologies for resource recovery businesses]Developing typologies for resource recovery businesses
Molden, David J.Turral, H.Amerasinghe, Felix P.Sharma, Bharat R.Hatibu, N.Drechsel, PayKoppen, Barbara C.M. vanWester, F.Tharme, Rebecca E.Raschid-Sally, LiqaSamad, M.Murray-Rust, HammondShah, TushaarAcreman, M.C.Smakhtin, Vladimir U.Peden, Donald G.Burton, M.Albergel, J.Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.Dunkhorst, B.Merrey, Douglas J.Mustafa, M.Brown, D.Dalton, J.Flugel, W.Gichuki, Francis N.Harrington, Larry W.Moustafa, M.Samarasinghe, S. A. P.Wallender, W.Mohammed, A.[Integrating research in water, food and environment. Challenge Program on Water and Food background paper 4]Integrating research in water, food and environment. Challenge Program on Water and Food background paper 4

Under conditions of increasing water scarcity and water quality deterioration, farmers have often little alternative to the use of raw or diluted wastewater to irrigate a range of crops. Aside from the agronomic benefits of resource recovery, the practice carries risks for farmers, public health,...


Qadir, ManzoorDrechsel, PayRaschid-Sally, Liqa[Wastewater use in agriculture]Wastewater use in agriculture

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