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Although wastewater has been increasingly used to grow a range of crops for income generation and livelihood resilience in urban and peri-urban areas, irrigation with untreated or partially treated wastewater may result in negative impacts on irrigated crops, soils, and groundwater along with imp...


Qadir, ManzoorDrechsel, Pay[Contaminant management in water reuse systems]Contaminant management in water reuse systems

In most developing countries wastewater treatment systems have very low coverage or function poorly, resulting in large-scale water pollution and the use of poor-quality water for crop irrigation, especially in the vicinity of urban centres. This can pose significant risks to public health, parti...

Wastewater Irrigation and Health approaches this serious problem from a practical and realistic perspective, addressing the issues of health risk assessment and reduction in developing country settings. The book therefore complements other books on the topic of wastewater which focus on high-end ...

This book moves the debate forward by covering also the common reality of untreated wastewater, greywater and excreta use. It presents the state-of-the-art on quantitative risk assessment and low-cost options for health risk reduction, from treatment to on-farm and off-farm measures, in support o...


Drechsel, PayScott, Christopher A.Raschid-Sally, LiqaRedwood, M.Bahri, Akissa[Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries]Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries

The Multi-stakeholder Policy Formulation and Action Planning approach was applied in the context of a multi-city study to influence and/or change policies that govern urban agriculture practices in three African and two Asian countries. Although the approach was successful and resulted in remarka...


Amerasinghe, Priyanie H.Cofie, Olufunke O.Larbi, Theophilus OtchereDrechsel, Pay[Facilitating outcomes: multi-stakeholder processes for influencing policy change on urban agriculture in selected West African and South Asian cities]Facilitating outcomes: multi-stakeholder processes for influencing policy change on urban agriculture in selected West African and South Asian cities

Despite the importance of nutrient-water interactions, they are often ignored in analysis. After discussing the interrelationships between soil nutrients and water and reviewing methods for determining nutrient balances, this report describes an array of available methods for soil nutrient valuat...


Drechsel, PayGiordano, MarkGyiele, Lucy[Valuing nutrients in soil and water: concepts and techniques with examples from IWMI studies in the developing world]Valuing nutrients in soil and water: concepts and techniques with examples from IWMI studies in the developing world

Impacts of increasing population pressure on food demand and land and water resources have sparked interest in nutrient and water balances and flows at a range of scales. In IWMI Research Report 115, it was tried for the first time to quantify rural-urban food flows for selected cities in Ghana a...


Drechsel, PayGraefe, S.Fink, M.[Rural-urban food, nutrient and virtual water flows in selected West African cities]Rural-urban food, nutrient and virtual water flows in selected West African cities

This report tries to provide a state-of-the-art overview on irrigated urban agriculture in the W est African subregion based on a com prehensive literature review supported by the results of three IWMI FAO projects.


Drechsel, PayGraefe, S.Sonou, M.Cofie, Olufunke O.[Informal irrigation in urban West Africa: an overview]Informal irrigation in urban West Africa: an overview

This study reports and analyzes nutrient balances in experimental vegetable production systems of the two West African cities of Tamale (Ghana) and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) over a twoyear period comprising thirteen and eleven crops, respectively. Nutrient-use efficiency was also calculated. In ...


Akoto-Danso, Edmund K.Manka'abusi, D.Steiner, C.Werner, S.Haering, V.Lompo, D.J.-P.Nyarko, G.Marschner, B.Drechsel, PayBuerkert, Andreas[Nutrient flows and balances in intensively managed vegetable production of two West African cities]Nutrient flows and balances in intensively managed vegetable production of two West African cities

This chapter serves as an introduction to the book and provides brief information about urbanization in West Africa, and in Ghana in particular, the general role of urban agriculture and the common use of polluted irrigation water. It describes our focus on irrigated smallholder vegetable product...


Drechsel, PayAdam-Bradford, A.Raschid-Sally, Liqa[Irrigated vegetable farming in urban Ghana: a farming system between challenges and resilience]Irrigated vegetable farming in urban Ghana: a farming system between challenges and resilience

This chapter explores some of the financial and economic aspects of urban and peri-urban agriculture in Ghana. Cost-benefit analysis comparisons were made of farm finances of common rural, peri-urban and urban farming systems. Substudies also tried to quantify benefits for society and to cost ...


Danso, George K.Hope, L.Drechsel, Pay[Financial and economic aspects of urban vegetable farming]Financial and economic aspects of urban vegetable farming

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