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Resistance to the drugs used to control African animal trypanosomosis is increasingly recognised as a constraint to livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. The most commonly used tests for detection of trypanocidal drug resistance are tests using mice or ruminants, but these suffer from lack ...


Eisler, M.C.Brandt, J.Bauer, B.Clausen, P.H.Delespaux, V.Holmes, P.H.Ilemobade, A.Machila, N.Mbwambo, H.McDermott, John J.Mehlitz, D.Murilla, G.Ndung'u, J.M.Peregrine, A.S.Sidibe, I.Sinyangwe, L.Geerts, S.[Standardised tests in mice and cattle for the detection of drug resistance in tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes of African domestic cattle]Standardised tests in mice and cattle for the detection of drug resistance in tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes of African domestic cattle

In order to compare the prophylactic effect provided by a poly(D,L-lactide) sustained-release device (SRD) containing isometamidium (ISMM; Trypamidium) with that provided by the classical im injection of the drug, a field trial was carried out at the Madina Diassa Ranch in Mali, beginning in Nove...


Diarra, B.Diall, O.Geerts, S.Kageruka, P.Lemmouchi, Y.Schacht, E.Eisler, M.C.Holmes, P.[Field evaluation of the prophylactic effect of an isometamidium sustained-release device against trypanosomiasis in cattle]Field evaluation of the prophylactic effect of an isometamidium sustained-release device against trypanosomiasis in cattle

The indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti-trypanosomal antibodies in bovine serum was adapted for use with dried blood spots on filter paper. Aborbance (450 nm) results for samples were expressed as percent positivity, i.e., percentage of the median absorban...


Hopkins, J.S.Chitambo, H.Machila, N.Luckins, A.G.Rae, P.F.Bossche, P. van denEisler, M.C.[Adaptation and validation of antibody-ELISA using dried blood spots on filter paper for epidemiological surveys of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis in cattle]Adaptation and validation of antibody-ELISA using dried blood spots on filter paper for epidemiological surveys of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis in cattle

Two groups of five Boran (Bos indicus) cattle were infected with one of two populations of Trypanosoma congolense; one drug-sensitive (IL1180), and one drug-resistant (IL3330). The animals were then treated intramuscularly with homidium bromide at a dose rate of 1.0 mg kg - bodyweight 7 days afte...


Murilla, G.A.Peregrine, A.S.Ndung'u, J.M.Holmes, P.H.Eisler, M.C.[The effects of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Trypanosoma congolense infections on the pharmacokinetics of homidium in Boran cattle]The effects of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Trypanosoma congolense infections on the pharmacokinetics of homidium in Boran cattle

Drug resistant trypanosome infections in livestock have been Reported from 13 sub-Saharan countries so far, in eight of which multiple resistance occurs. Since new trypanocides are unlikely to appear on the market in the near future, information about the occurrence, extent and impact of drug res...


Gall, Y.Woitag, J.Bauer, B.Sidibe, I.McDermott, John J.Eisler, M.C.Mehlitz, D.Clausen, P.H.[Detection of trypanocide failure in cattle: Diagnostic potential of PCR compared to parasitological methods]Detection of trypanocide failure in cattle: Diagnostic potential of PCR compared to parasitological methods

Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the determination of homidium in serum of treated cattle have been developed and evaluated. One is a direct competition (Assay 1) and the other an indirect competition assay (Assay 2). Both assays are highly sensitive with a limit of detection of...


Murilla, G.Eisler, M.C.Peregrine, A.S.Ndung'u, J.M.Holmes, P.H.[Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of the trypanocidal drug homidium in serum of treated cattle]Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of the trypanocidal drug homidium in serum of treated cattle

Pharmacokinetic studies on the trypanocidal drug homidium bromide using a competitive enzyme immunoassay (detection limit 0.1 ng/mL) are reported for non-infected Friesian and Boran steers following treatment with homidium bromide at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg b.w. Following intravenous (i.v.) treatment...


Murilla, G.Holmes, P.H.Peregrine, A.S.Eisler, M.C.Ndung'u, J.M.[Some pharmacokinetic parameters of the trypanocidal drug homidium bromide in Friesian and Boran steers using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]Some pharmacokinetic parameters of the trypanocidal drug homidium bromide in Friesian and Boran steers using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Control of trypanosomosis in cattle, sheep and goats in endemic areas has depended largely on the use of chemotherapeutic or chemoprophylactic agents. One such agent is homidium. The normal use of homidium has been in the treatment of infections due to both Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax in ...


Murilla, G.Peregrine, A.S.Holmes, P.H.Eisler, M.C.Ndung'u, J.M.[Investigation into the effects of Trypanosoma congolense infections on the pharmacokinetics of Homidium in Boran cattle]Investigation into the effects of Trypanosoma congolense infections on the pharmacokinetics of Homidium in Boran cattle

The FAO/IAEA Trypanosomiasis Direct Antigen-ELISA kit has been distributed to scientists holding research contracts under an IAEA Co-ordinated Research Programme in 14 sub-Saharan African countries. It is intended for improved diagnosis of bovine tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis as an aid to e...


Eisler, M.C.Lessard, P.Moloo, D.Masake, R.A.Peregrine, A.S.[Sensitivity and specificity of antigen-capture ELISAs for diagnosis of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax infections in cattle]Sensitivity and specificity of antigen-capture ELISAs for diagnosis of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax infections in cattle

Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis affects cattle production over approximately 10 million km2 of Africa. In these areas, trypanocidal drugs, both prophylactic and curative, are the most widely used methods of trypanosomosis control. However, resistance of trypanosomes to the 3 trypanocidal drugs ...


McDermott, John J.Coleman, P.G.Eisler, M.C.Peregrine, A.S.[The effects of resistance to trypanocidal drugs on trypanosome transmission]The effects of resistance to trypanocidal drugs on trypanosome transmission

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