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A survey to investigate resistance to drugs used in the treatment of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted in the eastern province of Zambia between 1996 and 1998. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts (Petauke, Katete, Lundazi) at 34 village sampling sites selected at random fr...


Sinyangwe, L.Delespaux, V.Brandt, J.Geerts, S.Mubanga, J.Machila, N.Holmes, P.H.Eisler, M.C.[Trypanocidal drug resistance in eastern province of Zambia]Trypanocidal drug resistance in eastern province of Zambia

A study using a structured questionnaire was conducted in Busia District, Western Kenya and Kwale District, Coastal Kenya to obtain qualitative and quantitative information from 256 cattle owners about their production systems, their perceptions of the diseases encountered in their cattle, the ...


Machila, N.Wanyangu, S.W.McDermott, John J.Welburn, S.C.Maudlin, I.Eisler, M.C.[Cattle owners' perceptions of African bovine trypanosomiasis and its control in Busia and Kwale Districts of Kenya]Cattle owners' perceptions of African bovine trypanosomiasis and its control in Busia and Kwale Districts of Kenya

Field studies were conducted to assess the occurrence of resistance to isometamidium chloride and diminazene aceturate in trypanosomes infecting cattle in Kenedougou Province of Burkina Faso. Forty-five of the 166 villages in Kenedougou were randomly sampled and visited to assess livestock numb...


McDermott, John J.Woitag, T.Sidibe, I.Bauer, B.Diarra, B.Ouédraogo, D.Kamuanga, M.Peregrine, A.S.Eisler, M.C.Zessin, K.H.[Field studies of drug-resistant cattle trypanosomes in Kenedougou Province, Burkina Faso]Field studies of drug-resistant cattle trypanosomes in Kenedougou Province, Burkina Faso

This paper describes the development, design, dissemination and evaluation of a communication intervention designed to promote appropriate usage of trypanocidal drugs in trypanosomiasis endemic areas of western and coastal Kenya. Following a baseline study on current trypanosomiasis knowledge, at...


Machila, N.Emongor, RosemaryShaw, A.P.Welburn, S.C.McDermott, John J.Maudlin, I.Eisler, M.C.[A community education intervention to improve bovine trypanosomiasis knowledge and appropriate use of trypanocidal drugs on smallholder farms in Kenya]A community education intervention to improve bovine trypanosomiasis knowledge and appropriate use of trypanocidal drugs on smallholder farms in Kenya

Resistance to the drugs used to control African animal trypanosomosis is increasingly recognised as a constraint to livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. The most commonly used tests for detection of trypanocidal drug resistance are tests using mice or ruminants, but these suffer from lack ...


Eisler, M.C.Brandt, J.Bauer, B.Clausen, P.H.Delespaux, V.Holmes, P.H.Ilemobade, A.Machila, N.Mbwambo, H.McDermott, John J.Mehlitz, D.Murilla, G.Ndung'u, J.M.Peregrine, A.S.Sidibe, I.Sinyangwe, L.Geerts, S.[Standardised tests in mice and cattle for the detection of drug resistance in tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes of African domestic cattle]Standardised tests in mice and cattle for the detection of drug resistance in tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes of African domestic cattle

In order to compare the prophylactic effect provided by a poly(D,L-lactide) sustained-release device (SRD) containing isometamidium (ISMM; Trypamidium) with that provided by the classical im injection of the drug, a field trial was carried out at the Madina Diassa Ranch in Mali, beginning in Nove...


Diarra, B.Diall, O.Geerts, S.Kageruka, P.Lemmouchi, Y.Schacht, E.Eisler, M.C.Holmes, P.[Field evaluation of the prophylactic effect of an isometamidium sustained-release device against trypanosomiasis in cattle]Field evaluation of the prophylactic effect of an isometamidium sustained-release device against trypanosomiasis in cattle

Drug resistant trypanosome infections in livestock have been Reported from 13 sub-Saharan countries so far, in eight of which multiple resistance occurs. Since new trypanocides are unlikely to appear on the market in the near future, information about the occurrence, extent and impact of drug res...


Gall, Y.Woitag, J.Bauer, B.Sidibe, I.McDermott, John J.Eisler, M.C.Mehlitz, D.Clausen, P.H.[Detection of trypanocide failure in cattle: Diagnostic potential of PCR compared to parasitological methods]Detection of trypanocide failure in cattle: Diagnostic potential of PCR compared to parasitological methods

Isometamidium chloride is the most important chemoprophylactic agent used in the control of African bovine trypanosomiasis, although breakdowns in prophylaxis have been observed in the field. It is not usually apparent whether these breakdowns are due to inadequate drug dosage regimens, or to the...


Eisler, M.C.Maloo, S.H.Peregrine, A.S.Holmes, P.H.Thorpe, W.R.[Use of the isometamidium Elisa to measure serum concentrations of the drug in Jersey dairy cattle in Kenya]Use of the isometamidium Elisa to measure serum concentrations of the drug in Jersey dairy cattle in Kenya

Isometamidium chloride (Samorin, Trypanidium is a phenanthridine-aromatic amidine that is commonly used in cattle as a prophylactic agent against trypanosomiasis. Although the compound has been used for over 30 years, very little is known about its mode of action. Various workers have demonstrate...


Peregrine, A.S.Eisler, M.C.Flynn, J.N.Katende, J.Gault, E.A.Kinabo, L.D.B.Homes, P.H.[Generation of monoclonal antibodies to the anti-trypanosomal drug Samorin]Generation of monoclonal antibodies to the anti-trypanosomal drug Samorin

Besides the in vitro test, two tests are very commonly used for the detection of trypanocidal drug resistance: the tests in mice and in ruminants. Since it has been shown that several parameters such as the number of trypanosomes inoculated and the time of treatment might influence the outcome of...


Geerts, S.Ndung'u, J.M.Murilla, G.Mbwambo, H.Sirryangwe, L.Machila, N.Delespaux, V.Brandt, J.Peregrine, A.S.McDermott, John J.Holmes, P.H.Eisler, M.C.[In vivo tests for the detection of resistance to trypanocidal drugs: Tests in mice and in ruminants]In vivo tests for the detection of resistance to trypanocidal drugs: Tests in mice and in ruminants

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