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Until the end of the nineteenth century primary forests covered nearly all the island of Sumatra. The first valorisation of this natural resource was hunting and gathering activities, followed by and later associated with swidden cultivation of upland rice. The industrial revolution in Europe and...


Feintrenie, L.Levang, P.[Sumatra’s rubber agroforests: advent, rise and fall of a sustainable cropping system]Sumatra’s rubber agroforests: advent, rise and fall of a sustainable cropping system

The biodiversity and climate consequences of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) expansion across South East Asia have received considerable attention. The human side of the issue, highlighted with reports of negative livelihood outcomes and rights abuses by oil palm companies, has also led to controver...


Rist, L.Feintrenie, L.Levang, P.[The livelihood impacts of oil palm: smallholders in Indonesia]The livelihood impacts of oil palm: smallholders in Indonesia

Located on the fringe of the last tropical rainforests of Sumatra, rubber agroforests are known to conserve the main ecological functions of the primary forest, including a large part of its biodiversity. Nowadays these smallholder plantations are under threat. The regular rise of natural rubber ...


Therville, C.Feintrenie, L.Levang, P.[Farmers’ perspectives about agroforests conversion to plantations in Sumatra: lessons learnt fro m Bungo district (Jambi, Indonesia)]Farmers’ perspectives about agroforests conversion to plantations in Sumatra: lessons learnt fro m Bungo district (Jambi, Indonesia)

Indonesian rubber agroforests – smallholders’ plantations combining a large number of perennialspecies – are known to provide a number of environmental services. They produce natural rubber as well as various secondary products for cash or home consumption. We estimated the quantities of the vari...


Lehébel-Péron, A.Feintrenie, L.Levang, P.[Rubber agroforests' profitability, the importance of secondary products]Rubber agroforests' profitability, the importance of secondary products

Cash crops are developing in the once forested areas of Indonesia in parallel with market and economic improvements. Perennial crops such as coffee, cocoa, and rubber were first planted in estates by private or public companies. Local people then integrated these crops into their farming systems,...


Feintrenie, L.Schwarze, S.Levang, P.[Are local people conservationists? Analysis of transition dynamics from agroforests to monoculture plantations in Indonesia]Are local people conservationists? Analysis of transition dynamics from agroforests to monoculture plantations in Indonesia

Coconut-based agroforestry systems have a central role in livelihoods on Malo Island in the South Pacific. These mixed plantations provide households with both food and a cash income, thanks to the association in space and time of root crops, vegetables, and cash crops (coconut, cocoa and vanilla...


Feintrenie, L.Ollivier, JEnjalric, F[How to take advantage of a new crop?: the experience of Melanesian smallholders]How to take advantage of a new crop?: the experience of Melanesian smallholders

Indonesia has been the world’s largest producer and exporter of palm oil since 2008. This paper discussed the livelihood impacts of oil palm development in Indonesia, based on lessons learnt from Bungo district, in the province of Jambi. The various community-company partnerships that structure t...


Feintrenie, L.Chong, W.K.Levang, P.[Why do Farmers Prefer Oil Palm? Lessons Learnt from Bungo District, Indonesia]Why do Farmers Prefer Oil Palm? Lessons Learnt from Bungo District, Indonesia

We examine five forested landscapes in Africa (Cameroon, Madagascar, and Tanzania) and Asia (Indonesia and Laos) at different stages of landscape change. In all five areas, forest cover (outside of protected areas) continues to decrease despite local people’s recognition of the importance of fore...


Pfund, J.L.Watts, J.D.Boissiere, M.Boucard, A.Bullock, R.M.Ekadinata, A.Dewi, S.Feintrenie, L.Levang, P.Rantala, S.Sheil, DouglasSunderland, T.C.H.[Understanding and integrating local perceptions of trees and forests into incentives for sustainable landscape management]Understanding and integrating local perceptions of trees and forests into incentives for sustainable landscape management

Local communities, especially those living in forested areas, are generally presented as innocent victims of global economic policies that benefit the private and public sectors. This paper discusses local stakeholders’ perception of the government policies and actions, people’s rights, and peopl...


Feintrenie, L.Levang, P.[Local voices call for economic development over forest conservation: Trade-offs and policy in Bungo, Sumatra]Local voices call for economic development over forest conservation: Trade-offs and policy in Bungo, Sumatra

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