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Milk is an important source of energy and nutrients, especially for children, and in Kenya, milk consumption is higher than other countries in the region. One major concern with milk is the risks of chemical contaminants, and reports of high levels of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk in Kenya has been...


Lindahl, Johanna F.Kagera, I.N.Grace, Delia[Aflatoxin M1 levels in different marketed milk products in Nairobi, Kenya]Aflatoxin M1 levels in different marketed milk products in Nairobi, Kenya

Background: Food safety is of increasing global concern, and a OneHealth issue requiring attention of many disciplines. Aflatoxins are toxins produced by fungi and found in foods and feeds, and exposure causes negative health effects in humans and animals. When lactating animals consume aflatoxin...


Anyango, G.Mutua, F.Kagera, I.Andang'o, P.Grace, DeliaLindahl, Johanna F.[A survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu County, Kenya]A survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu County, Kenya

Aflatoxins are toxic by-products of fungi contaminating maize and other crops; they can be carried over into milk, meat and eggs when livestock eat aflatoxin-contaminated feed or fodder. People who consume such animal products are exposed to the toxins. To assess the aflatoxin contamination statu...


Kirino, Y.Makita, K.Grace, DeliaLindahl, Johanna F.[Survey of informal milk retailers in Nairobi, Kenya and prevalence of aflatoxin M1 in marketed milk]Survey of informal milk retailers in Nairobi, Kenya and prevalence of aflatoxin M1 in marketed milk

Aflatoxins continue to be a food safety problem globally, especially in developing regions. A significant amount of effort and resources have been invested in an attempt to control aflatoxins. However, these efforts have not substantially decreased the prevalence nor the dietary exposure to aflat...


Ahlberg, Sara H.Grace, DeliaOkoth, S.Lindahl, Johanna F.[Aflatoxin binders in foods for human consumption—Can this be promoted safely and ethically?]Aflatoxin binders in foods for human consumption—Can this be promoted safely and ethically?

Background: Dairy production in Kenya is important and dominated by small-holder farmers who market their produce through small-scale traders in the informal sector. Method: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of aflatoxin (AFM1) in informally marketed milk in peri-urban Nairobi, Kenya,...


Kuboka, M.M.Imungi, J.K.Njue, L.Mutua, F.Grace, DeliaLindahl, Johanna F.[Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk traded in peri-urban Nairobi, and the effect of boiling and fermentation]Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk traded in peri-urban Nairobi, and the effect of boiling and fermentation

Human food and animal feed can contain many different hazards, which may be biological, chemical, or physical. In most countries, there are regulations that limit the levels of these hazards permitted in food and feed so as to protect consumers. Optimally, the levels specified in the standards sh...


Sirma, A.J.Lindahl, Johanna F.Makita, K.Senerwa, D.Mtimet, NadhemKang’ethe, E.K.Grace, Delia[The impacts of aflatoxin standards on health and nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Kenya]The impacts of aflatoxin standards on health and nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Kenya

Introduction: Milk consumption in Kenya supersedes other countries in East Africa. However, milk contamination with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is common, but the magnitude of this exposure and the health risks are poorly understood and need to be monitored routinely. This study aimed at assessing the aw...


Kagera, IreneKahenya, PeterMutua, FlorenceAnyango, GladysKyallo, FlorenceGrace, DeliaLindahl, Johanna F.[Status of aflatoxin contamination in cow milk produced in smallholder dairy farms in urban and peri-urban areas of Nairobi County: A case study of Kasarani sub county, Kenya]Status of aflatoxin contamination in cow milk produced in smallholder dairy farms in urban and peri-urban areas of Nairobi County: A case study of Kasarani sub county, Kenya
Lindahl, Johanna F.Grace, DeliaHarvey, Jagger J.W.Kang'ethe, Erastus K.[Aflatoxins in East Africa: The importance of getting the full picture]Aflatoxins in East Africa: The importance of getting the full picture

Vietnam is a tropical country with high temperature and precipitation, which may provide good conditions for fungal growth. A few limited studies have been conducted to evaluate the level of aflatoxin B1 in maize in Vietnam. In addition, no studies have been conducted to evaluate the perception a...


Hu Suk LeeHung Nguyen-VietLindahl, Johanna F.Ha Minh ThanhTran Ngoc KhanhLe Thi Thu HienGrace, Delia[A survey of aflatoxin B1 in maize and awareness of aflatoxins in Vietnam]A survey of aflatoxin B1 in maize and awareness of aflatoxins in Vietnam

Aflatoxins are carcinogenic, toxic and immunosuppressive substances produced by some species of the fungal genus, Aspergillus. Consumption of aflatoxins can have serious health effects. Widespread in the tropical and sub-tropical world, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is found in many staple foods and feeds;...


Mutua, F.Lindahl, Johanna F.Grace, Delia[Availability and use of mycotoxin binders in selected urban and peri-urban areas of Kenya]Availability and use of mycotoxin binders in selected urban and peri-urban areas of Kenya

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