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Cocoa agroforestry is perceived as potential adaptation strategy to sub-optimal or adverse environmental conditions such as drought. We tested this strategy over wet, dry and extremely dry periods comparing cocoa in full sun with agroforestry systems: shaded by (i) a leguminous tree species, Albi...


Abdulai, I.Vaast, PhilippeHoffmann, M.P.Asare, R.Jassogne, Laurence T.P.Asten, Piet J.A. vanRotter, Reimund P.Graefe, S.[Cocoa agroforestry is less resilient to sub-optimal and extreme climate than cocoa in full sun]Cocoa agroforestry is less resilient to sub-optimal and extreme climate than cocoa in full sun

Graefe, S.Dufour, D.Zonneveld, M. vanRodríguez, F.González, A.[Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) in tropical Latin America: implications for biodiversity conservation, natural resource management and human nutrition]Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) in tropical Latin America: implications for biodiversity conservation, natural resource management and human nutrition

Abdulai, A.Jassogne, Laurence T.P.Muilerman, SanderAsare, R.Läderach, PeterAsten, Piet J.A. vanGraefe, S.Vaast, Philippe[Evaluation of yield gap and production factor in cocoa systems along a climatic gradient in Ghana]Evaluation of yield gap and production factor in cocoa systems along a climatic gradient in Ghana

Impacts of increasing population pressure on food demand and land and water resources have sparked interest in nutrient and water balances and flows at a range of scales. In IWMI Research Report 115, it was tried for the first time to quantify rural-urban food flows for selected cities in Ghana a...


Drechsel, PayGraefe, S.Fink, M.[Rural-urban food, nutrient and virtual water flows in selected West African cities]Rural-urban food, nutrient and virtual water flows in selected West African cities

This report tries to provide a state-of-the-art overview on irrigated urban agriculture in the W est African subregion based on a com prehensive literature review supported by the results of three IWMI FAO projects.


Drechsel, PayGraefe, S.Sonou, M.Cofie, Olufunke O.[Informal irrigation in urban West Africa: an overview]Informal irrigation in urban West Africa: an overview

Banana and cooking banana (Musa spp.) production systems accumulate a considerable quantity of discard due to high quality demands of markets. Ripe fruits have high sugar contents, which can be easily processed to ethanol. The present study aimed to quantitatively assess the production potential ...


Graefe, S.Dufour, D.Giraldo A.Muñoz, L.A.Mora PSolís HGarcés, H.González, A.[Energy and carbon footprints of ethanol production using banana and cooking banana discard: A case study from Costa Rica and Ecuador]Energy and carbon footprints of ethanol production using banana and cooking banana discard: A case study from Costa Rica and Ecuador

Lowered temperatures may reduce the root water uptake of tropical trees at high elevations through several mechanisms; however, field studies to test their relevance are lacking. We measured sap flux density (J) in small-diameter tree roots across a 2000-m elevation transect in a tropical mountai...


Graefe, S.Leuschner, CConers, HHertel, D[Root functioning in tropical high-elevation forests: environmental vs biological control of root water absorption]Root functioning in tropical high-elevation forests: environmental vs biological control of root water absorption

Agriculture and livestock production are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Foragebased systems dominate much of agriculture in the tropics, providing livelihoods to farmers but also affecting local and global environments. In this paper, we attempt to answer the question, how can fa...


Peters, MichaelRao, Idupulapati M.Fisher, M.Subbaraoa, Guntur V.Martens, S.Herrero, Mario T.Hoek, Rein van derSchultze-Kraft, RainerMiles, John W.Castro, A.Graefe, S.Tiemann, Tassilo T.Ayarza, Miguel AngelHyman, Glenn[Tropical forage-based systems to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions]Tropical forage-based systems to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions

Carbon storage and sequestration in tropical mountain forests and their dependence on elevation and temperature are not well understood. In an altitudinal transect study in the South Ecuadorian Andes, we tested the hypotheses that (i) aboveground net primary production (ANPP) decreases continuous...


Moser, GLeuschner, CHertel, DGraefe, S.Soethe, NIost, S[Elevation effects on the carbon budget of tropical mountain forests (S Ecuador): The role of the belowground compartment]Elevation effects on the carbon budget of tropical mountain forests (S Ecuador): The role of the belowground compartment

The Amazon Basin is so diverse that one could say many Amazons exist, not just one. Indeed, its diversity is considered unique in the world. Although the Basin occupies 7% of the planet’s land, it carries 25% of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity. The region is so vast, it represents one-third ...


Fonte, Steven J.González, A.Graefe, S.Guimaraes, E.Perpétuo MGJarvis, AndyLavelle, Patrick M.Lundy, MarkPeters, MichaelQuintero, M.Rao, Idupulapati M.Tapasco, JeimarEtter, AMartínez, C.Murgueitio, REReis, CJRodríguez, C.A.[Amazon region: eco-efficient landscapes]Amazon region: eco-efficient landscapes

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