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This is a collection of 14 papers addressing a range of issues that are important to consider as India develops its strategy for implementing the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA), and its multilateral system of access and benefit sharing in partic...


Halewood, MichaelBrahmi, P.Mathur, P.N.Bansal, Kailash C.[A road map for implementing the multilateral system of access and benefit-sharing in India]A road map for implementing the multilateral system of access and benefit-sharing in India

Estimates suggest that globally 80% of the seeds on which smallholder farmers in developing countries depend are produced by the farmers themselves or obtained through informal channels. This high level of farmer seed autonomy masks the fact that almost everywhere local seed systems and the diver...


Vernooy, RonnieHalewood, MichaelLópez Noriega, I.Galluzzi, Gea[New strategies and partnerships for the sustainable use of plant genetic resources]New strategies and partnerships for the sustainable use of plant genetic resources

This brief highlights efforts in East Africa and in Asia, Pacific and Oceania (APO), supported by two internationally funded projects, to develop user-friendly tools and methods to identify germplasm of populations/varieties/species that are adapted to the changing climates of areas where farmers...


Halewood, MichaelMathur, P.N.Fadda, CarloOtieno, G.[Using crop diversity to adapt to climate change: highlighting the importance of the Plant Treaty's policy support]Using crop diversity to adapt to climate change: highlighting the importance of the Plant Treaty's policy support

The Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Commission), at its Tenth Regular Session, recommended that the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Commission contribute to further work on access and benefit-sharing, in order to ensure that it m...


Fujisaka, S.Williams, D.Halewood, Michael[The impact of climate change on countries’ interdependence on genetic resources for food and agriculture]The impact of climate change on countries’ interdependence on genetic resources for food and agriculture

Recent decades have witnessed an ever-increasing range and volume of digital data. All elements of the pillars of science--whether observation, experiment, or theory and modeling--are being transformed by the continuous cycle of generation, dissemination, and use of factual information. This is e...


Halewood, Michael[Options for governing the microbial commons]Options for governing the microbial commons

This technical study focuses on the role of micro-organism genetic resources for agriculture and the influence of a changing climate. Agriculture is defined as crop-based food production for yield and quality. It excludes micro-organism genetic resources associated with livestock, fish and non-fo...


Beed, Fen D.Benedetti, A.Cardinali, G.Chakraborty, S.Dubois, T.Garrett, K.A.Halewood, Michael[Climate change and micro-organism genetic resources for food and agriculture: state of knowledge, risks and opportunities]Climate change and micro-organism genetic resources for food and agriculture: state of knowledge, risks and opportunities

This document contains a question received by the Committee from one of its members during its third meeting in June 2012 and, at the invitation of the Commiittee, re-submitted in writing to the Secretariat. The document also provides some elements of analysis to facilitate the Committee’s apprai...


Halewood, Michael[Collection, conservation and distribution through the SMTA of samples of plant varieties protected by plant breeder's rights]Collection, conservation and distribution through the SMTA of samples of plant varieties protected by plant breeder's rights

To guide climate adaptation policies and investments, the majority of least developed countries (LDCs) have developed National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs). Agricultural biodiversity is an important, but often overlooked, element in climate adaptation; new crop varieties, cropping and ...


Bedmar Villanueva, A.Halewood, MichaelLópez Noriega, Isabel[Agricultural biodiversity in climate change adaptation planning: An analysis of the National Adaptation Programmes of Action]Agricultural biodiversity in climate change adaptation planning: An analysis of the National Adaptation Programmes of Action

There is growing recognition that successful adaptation of agricultural production systems to changes in climate will depend upon the improved access to, and use of, genetic diversity. In order to facilitate this adaptation, new forms of interdisciplinary research, new technologies, novel part...


López Noriega, I.Galluzzi, GeaHalewood, MichaelVernooy, RonnieBertacchini, E.Gauchan DWelch, E.[Flows under stress: Availability of plant genetic resources in times of climate and policy change]Flows under stress: Availability of plant genetic resources in times of climate and policy change

Farmers have engaged in collective systems of conservation and innovation – improving crops and sharing their reproductive materials – since the earliest plant domestications. Relatively open flows of plant germplasm attended the early spread of agriculture; they continued in the wake of (and wer...


Halewood, MichaelLópez Noriega, IsabelLouafi, S.[Crop genetic resources as a global commons: challenges in international law and governance]Crop genetic resources as a global commons: challenges in international law and governance

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