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Since its accidental introduction into Africa, the cassava mealybug (CM) has spread to about 25 countries. The specific parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi, introduced from South America, its area of origin, into Nigeria in 1981, has since been released in more than 50 sites. By the end of 1986 it wa...


Neuenschwander, P.Herren, H.R.Harpaz, I.Badulescu, D.Akingbohungbe, A.E.[Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, by the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi in Africa [and Discussion]]Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, by the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi in Africa [and Discussion]

Two specific endophagous parasitoids Gyranusoidea tebygi and Anagyrus mangicola, of Indian origin, were mass‐reared at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in Cotonou and released against the mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens, in collaboration with national biological control pr...


Neuenschwander, P.Boavida, C.Bokonon-Ganta, A.H.Gado, A.Herren, H.R.[Establishment and spread of Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes and Anagyrus mangicola Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), two biologigal control agents released against the mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Africa]Establishment and spread of Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes and Anagyrus mangicola Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), two biologigal control agents released against the mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Africa

The encyrtid wasp Epidinocarsis (= Apoanagyrus) lopezi (De Santis) was imported from Paraguay into Nigeria for the biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile‐Ferrero. It was mass‐reared and released at four localities in Nigeria. The parasitoid is now established and ...


Lema, K.M.Herren, H.R.[Release and establishment in Nigeria of Epidinocarsis lopezi, a parasitoid of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti]Release and establishment in Nigeria of Epidinocarsis lopezi, a parasitoid of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti

Life table studies were conducted to assess the effect of constant temperature on the rate of population growth of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile‐Ferrero. Four temperatures, between 20 and 30.5 °C, were tested. An inverse relationship was observed between temperature and most d...


Lema, K.M.Herren, H.R.[The influence of constant temperature on population growth rates of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti]The influence of constant temperature on population growth rates of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti

(1) The effects of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr., on cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, growth, development and yields as modified by weather, soil water and nitrogen, and natural enemies were examined. (2) Rainfall-induced mortality and plant carbohydrate stress were the...


Gutiérrez, A.P.Neuenschwander, P.Schulthess, F.Herren, H.R.Baumgaertner, J.U.Wermelinger, B.Lohr, B.Ellis, C.K.[Analysis of the biological control of cassava pests in Africa: II. Cassava mealybug (Phenaccoccus manihoti)]Analysis of the biological control of cassava pests in Africa: II. Cassava mealybug (Phenaccoccus manihoti)

(1) The effects of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr., on cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, growth, development and yields as modified by weather, soil water and nitrogen, and natural enemies were examined. (2) Rainfall-induced mortality and plant carbohydrate stress were the...


Gutiérrez, A.P.Yaninek, John S.Wermelinger, B.Herren, H.R.Ellis, C.K.[Analysis of biological control of cassava pests in Africa: III. Cassava green mite Mononychellus tanajoa]Analysis of biological control of cassava pests in Africa: III. Cassava green mite Mononychellus tanajoa

( 1 ) A model for the growth and development of cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, as modified by weather, soil nitrogen and water is described, and used in later papers to evaluate damage by exotic cassava pests and the effectiveness of control by natural. (2) Analogous relationships between t...


Gutiérrez, A.P.Wermelinger, B.Schulthess, F.Baumgaertner, J.U.Herren, H.R.Ellis, C.K.Yaninek, John S.[Analysis of biological control of cassava pests in Africa: I. Simulation of carbon, nitrogen and water dynamics in cassava]Analysis of biological control of cassava pests in Africa: I. Simulation of carbon, nitrogen and water dynamics in cassava

Budgets for palm-oil and palm-alcohol production were constructed to show the economic benefit of each activity to smallholder farmers in southern Benin. The selling prices of oil palms to alcohol distillers, who cut the trees, were approximately equal to the annual fruit revenue for that tree. S...


Meikle, W.G.Gutiérrez, A.P.Herren, H.R.[Decisionmaking by smallholder farmers in an oil plambased economy in southern Benin, West Africa]Decisionmaking by smallholder farmers in an oil plambased economy in southern Benin, West Africa

Populations of the phytoseiid predator Amblyseius(=Neoseiulus) idaeus (Denmark & Muma) From Northeastern Brazil, have been successfully introduced into Benin, West Africa, as part of a classical biological control campaign to control the exotic cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar). ...


Yaninek, John S.Megevand, B.Moraes, G.J.Bakker, F.Braun, A.Herren, H.R.[Establishment of the neotropicalpredator Amblyseius idaeus(Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Benin, West Africa]Establishment of the neotropicalpredator Amblyseius idaeus(Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Benin, West Africa

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