Increasing demands for meat and milk in developing countries and the associated production growth are driving the expansion of agriculture at the expense of environmental conservation and other land uses. While considerable attention has been directed at improving crop yields to alleviate the pre...
Bosire, Caroline K.
,
Krol, M.S.
,
Mekonnen, M.M.
,
Ogutu, Joseph O.
,
Leeuw, Jan de
,
Lannerstad, Mats
,
Hoekstra, A.Y.
,
[Meat and milk production scenarios and the associated land footprint in Kenya]
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Meat and milk production scenarios and the associated land footprint in Kenya
Verma, S.
,
Kampman, D.A.
,
Sarg., P. van Der
,
Hoekstra, A.Y.
,
[Going against the flow: A critical analysis of virtual water trade in the context of Indias National River Linking Program]
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Going against the flow: A critical analysis of virtual water trade in the context of Indias National River Linking Program
Global consumption of livestock products is increasing steadily due to human population growth, poverty reduction and dietary changes raising the demand for already scarce freshwater and land resources. Here, we analyze the changes associated with direct and indirect use of freshwater and land fo...
Bosire, Caroline K.
,
Ogutu, Joseph O.
,
Said, Mohammed Yahya
,
Krol, M.S.
,
Leeuw, Jan de
,
Hoekstra, A.Y.
,
[Trends and spatial variation in water and land footprints of meat and milk production systems in Kenya]
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Trends and spatial variation in water and land footprints of meat and milk production systems in Kenya
Hamer, W. de
,
Love, D.
,
Owen, R.
,
Booij, M.J.
,
Hoekstra, A.Y.
,
[Potential water supply of a small reservoir and alluvial aquifer system in southern Zimbabwe]
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Potential water supply of a small reservoir and alluvial aquifer system in southern Zimbabwe
This article reviews and contrasts two approaches that water security researchers employ to advance understanding of the complexity of water-society policy challenges. A prevailing reductionist approach seeks to represent uncertainty through calculable risk, links national GDP tightly to hydro-cl...
Zeitoun, M.
,
Lankford, B.A.
,
Krueger, T.
,
Forsyth, T.
,
Carter, R.
,
Hoekstra, A.Y.
,
Taylor, R.
,
Varis, O.
,
Cleaver, F.
,
Boelens, R.
,
Swatuk, L.
,
Tickner, D.
,
Scott, Christopher A.
,
Mirumachi, N.
,
Matthews, Nathaniel
,
[Reductionist and integrative research approaches to complex water security policy challenges]
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Reductionist and integrative research approaches to complex water security policy challenges
The problem
Various studies show that the developing world experiences and will continue to experience a rise in consumption of animal proteins, particularly in cities, as a result of continued urbanization and income growth. Given the relatively large water footprint (WF) of animal products, thi...
Bosire, Caroline K.
,
Lannerstad, Mats
,
Leeuw, Jan de
,
Krol, M.S.
,
Ogutu, Joseph O.
,
Ochungo, P.A.
,
Hoekstra, A.Y.
,
[Urban consumption of meat and milk and its green and blue water footprints—Patterns in the 1980s and 2000s for Nairobi, Kenya]
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Urban consumption of meat and milk and its green and blue water footprints—Patterns in the 1980s and 2000s for Nairobi, Kenya
Target 6.4 of the recently adopted Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) deals with the reduction of water scarcity. To monitor progress towards this target, two indicators are used: Indicator 6.4.1 measuring water use efficiency and 6.4.2 measuring the level of water stress (WS). This paper aims ...
Vanham, D.
,
Hoekstra, A.Y.
,
Wada, Y.
,
Bouraoui, F.
,
Roo, A. de
,
Mekonnen, M.M.
,
Bund, W.J. van de
,
Batelaan, O.
,
Pavelic, Paul
,
Bastiaanssen, Wim G.M.
,
Kummu, M.
,
Rockström, Johan
,
Liu, J.
,
Bisselink, B.
,
Ronco, P.
,
Pistocchi, A.
,
Bidoglio, G.
,
[Physical water scarcity metrics for monitoring progress towards SDG target 6.4: An evaluation of indicator 6.4.2 “Level of water stress”]
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Physical water scarcity metrics for monitoring progress towards SDG target 6.4: An evaluation of indicator 6.4.2 “Level of water stress”