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The influence of consumption of salads on exposure to gastrointestinal diseases was assessed in urban environments in Kumasi, Ghana. Data was collected using a cross-sectional survey involving 15 salad sellers and 213 consumers and microbiological laboratory analysis of 96 samples of ready-to-eat...


Fung, J.Keraita, Bernard N.Konradsen, FlemmingMoe, C.Akple, Maxwell Selase Kwasi[Microbiological quality of urban-vended salad and its association with gastrointestinal diseases in Kumasi, Ghana]Microbiological quality of urban-vended salad and its association with gastrointestinal diseases in Kumasi, Ghana

Most irrigation water used in urban vegetable farming in Ghana is contaminated with untreated wastewater. This poses health risks to farmers and consumers. As part of a study to explore options for health risk reduction, this paper summarizes farmers' perceptions on health risks and possible risk...


Keraita, Bernard N.Drechsel, PayKonradsen, Flemming[Perceptions of farmers on health risks and risk reduction measures in wastewater-irrigated urban vegetable farming in Ghana]Perceptions of farmers on health risks and risk reduction measures in wastewater-irrigated urban vegetable farming in Ghana

This paper presents an assessment of the potential of using on-farm ponds to reduce levels of microbial contamination in wastewater -contaminated irrigation water. The study involved observations on the use of ponds in urban agriculture in Kumasi, Ghana, and more than 300 irrigation water samples...


Keraita, Bernard N.Drechsel, PayKonradsen, Flemming[Using on-farm sedimentation ponds to improve microbial quality of irrigation water in urban vegetable farming in Ghana]Using on-farm sedimentation ponds to improve microbial quality of irrigation water in urban vegetable farming in Ghana

Waste stabilisation ponds (WSP) are the preferred method for treatment of urban wastewater in low-income countries but, especially in arid regions, the pond systems can be important breeding sites for mosquitoes of medical importance. In a WSP system in Faisalabad, Pakistan, we assessed the impac...


Ensink, Jeroen H.J.Mukhtar, MuhammadHoek, Wim van derKonradsen, Flemming[Simple intervention to reduce mosquito breeding in waste stabilisation ponds]Simple intervention to reduce mosquito breeding in waste stabilisation ponds

Traditionally, engineering and environment-based interventions have contributed to the prevention of malaria in Asia. However, with the introduction ofDDTand other potent insecticides, chemical control became the dominating strategy. The renewed interest in environmental-management-based approach...

In Boelee, E.; Konradsen, F.; van der Hoek, W. (Eds.), Malaria in irrigated agriculture: Papers and abstracts for the SIMA Special Seminar at the ICID 18th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage, Montreal, 23 July 2002. Colombo, Sri Lanka: IWMI. pp.5-14


Konradsen, FlemmingHoek, Wim van derAmerasinghe, Felix P.Mutero, Clifford M.Boelee, Eline[Engineering and malaria control: learning from the past 100 years]Engineering and malaria control: learning from the past 100 years

Water is being transferred out of agriculture to meet the growing demand in other areas, often without an agreement of or compensation to farmers with irrigated land and water rights. Furthermore, there is a failure to recognize that irrigation systems supply water not only for the main fields, b...


Bakker, M.Barker, RandolphMeinzen-Dick, Ruth S.Konradsen, Flemming[Multiple uses of water in irrigated areas: a case study from Sri Lanka]Multiple uses of water in irrigated areas: a case study from Sri Lanka
Mutero, Clifford M.Blank, H.Konradsen, FlemmingHoek, Wim van der[Water management for controlling the breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes in rice irrigation schemes in Kenya]Water management for controlling the breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes in rice irrigation schemes in Kenya
Herrel, N.Amerasinghe, Felix P.Ensink, J.Mukhtar, M.Hoek, Wim van derKonradsen, Flemming[Breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes in irrigated areas of South Punjab, Pakistan]Breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes in irrigated areas of South Punjab, Pakistan
Hoek, Wim van derFeenstra, S.G.Konradsen, Flemming[Availability of irrigation water for domestic use in Pakistan: Its impact on prevalence of diarrhoea and nutritional status of children]Availability of irrigation water for domestic use in Pakistan: Its impact on prevalence of diarrhoea and nutritional status of children
Hoek, Wim van derKonradsen, FlemmingEnsink, Jeroen H.J.Mudasser, M.Jensen, P.K.[Irrigation water as a source of drinking water: Is safe use possible?]Irrigation water as a source of drinking water: Is safe use possible?

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