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Combining qualitative-quantitative approaches, we examined the reasons behind household movements into and out of poverty across Kenya, and how they differ by livelihood zones. Among the 4773 households studied, 42 per cent were poor 15 years ago and 50 per cent are poor at the present time. Over...


Kristjanson, Patricia M.Mango, N.Krishna, A.Radeny, Maren A.O.Johnson, Nancy L.[Understanding poverty dynamics in Kenya]Understanding poverty dynamics in Kenya

This paper synthesises evidence of the contributions that livestock make to the livelihoods of poor women in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia and identifies factors that enhance or constrain livestock-related opportunities for women. We apply a gender lens to three livestock-related pathways out...


Kristjanson, Patricia M.Waters-Bayer, AnnJohnson, Nancy L.Tipilda, A.Njuki, JemimahBaltenweck, IsabelleGrace, DeliaMacMillan, Susan[Livestock and Women's Livelihoods: A Review of the Recent Evidence]Livestock and Women's Livelihoods: A Review of the Recent Evidence

Improving smallholder agricultural systems is central to achieving climate-smart agriculture (CSA). This module focuses on local-level institutions and their role in facilitating the adoption of climate-smart agricultural strategies. The module demonstrates the importance of local institutions fo...


Kristjanson, Patricia M.Gordes, A.Sessa, R.Braimoh, A.K.Vermeulen, Sonja J.[Module 12: Local institutions]Module 12: Local institutions

Climate change has become a major concern in African agriculture, with farmers in many places struggling to cope with changing temperatures and rainfall patterns and increased flood and drought risks. For subsistence farmers, especially, these changes pose a serious threat to food security. At th...


Farnworth, Cathy R.Kristjanson, Patricia M.Rijke E[‘Climate smart’ agriculture and beyond]‘Climate smart’ agriculture and beyond

Emerging sustainability challenges, such as food security, livelihood development and climate change, require innovative and experimental ways of linking science, policy and practice at all scales. This requires the development of processes that integrate diverse knowledge to generate adaptive de...


Shaw, AlisonKristjanson, Patricia M.[A Catalyst toward Sustainability? Exploring Social Learning and Social Differentiation Approaches with the Agricultural Poor]A Catalyst toward Sustainability? Exploring Social Learning and Social Differentiation Approaches with the Agricultural Poor

This brief focuses on the constraints that women face to more equitable participation in smallholder carbon and climatesmart initiatives. It highlights the important role that a flexible learning approach plays in advancing equity goals, and offers recommendations for concrete actions that can em...


Bernier, QuinnFranks PKristjanson, Patricia M.Neufeldt, HenryOtzelberger AFoster K[Addressing Gender in Climate-Smart Smallholder Agriculture]Addressing Gender in Climate-Smart Smallholder Agriculture

The purpose of this guide is to promote gender-responsive and socially-sensitive climate change research and development in the agriculture and food security sectors through participatory approaches. The guide focuses on the household and community level. It provides users with resources and tool...


Nelson, S.Chaudhury MTranberg HLambrou YTapio-Bistrom, M.L.Kristjanson, Patricia M.[Training guide. Gender and Climate Change Research in Agriculture and Food Security for Rural Development]Training guide. Gender and Climate Change Research in Agriculture and Food Security for Rural Development

Research and action toward better food security, environmental health and rural livelihoods under climate change in the developing world must deal with interacting natural and human systems change processes across multiple dimensions (e.g. biophysical, economic, policy, temporal) and scales (e.g....


Thornton, Philip K.Vervoort, Joost M.Förch, WiebkeEricksen, Polly J.Kok KIngram JHerrero, Mario T.Kristjanson, Patricia M.[The role of regional scenarios in CCAFS cross-scale research, planning and action toward improved food security, environments and livelihoods]The role of regional scenarios in CCAFS cross-scale research, planning and action toward improved food security, environments and livelihoods

Mitigating the negative welfare consequences of crises such as droughts, floods, and disease outbreaks, is a major challenge in many areas of the world, especially in highly vulnerable areas insufficiently equipped to prevent food and livelihood security crisis in the face of adverse shocks. Give...


Mude, Andrew G.Barrett, Christopher B.McPeak, J.G.Kaitho, R.Kristjanson, Patricia M.[Empirical forecasting of slow-onset disasters for improved emergency response: An application to Kenya’s arid north]Empirical forecasting of slow-onset disasters for improved emergency response: An application to Kenya’s arid north

The world’s climate is continuing to change at rates that are projected to be unprecedented in recent human history. Some models are now indicating that the temperature increases to 2100 may be larger than previously estimated in 2001. The impacts of climate change are likely to be considerable i...


Thornton, Philip K.Jones, Peter G.Owiyo, T.Kruska, R.L.Herrero, Mario T.Kristjanson, Patricia M.Notenbaert, An Maria OmerBekele, N.Omolo, Abisalom[Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa]Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa

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