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In situ conservation of tropical forests often requires restricting human use and occupancy within protected areas by enforcing regulations. However, law enforcement interventions that seek to prevent deforestation rarely have been evaluated. Conservationists increasingly recognize the need to me...


Gaveau, D.L.A.Linkie, M.SuyadiLevang, P.Leader-Williams, N.[Three decades of deforestation in southwest Sumatra: effects of coffee prices, law enforcement and rural poverty]Three decades of deforestation in southwest Sumatra: effects of coffee prices, law enforcement and rural poverty

Farmers in the West Lampung Pesisir area in the south of Sumatra, Indonesia, have established forest gardens by introducing damar trees in upland rice swidden plantations. These damar gardens were established as the wild resource itself was vanishing. While cultivating this forest resorce, villag...


Foresta, H. deMichon, G.Kusworo, A.Levang, P.[Damar agroforests in Sumatra, Indonesia: domestication of a forest ecosystem through domestication of dipterocarps for resin production]Damar agroforests in Sumatra, Indonesia: domestication of a forest ecosystem through domestication of dipterocarps for resin production

Oil palm is one of the most extensively cultivated biodiesel feedstocks worldwide, and expansion of its cultivation poses a significant threat to ecosystems, biodiversity and potentially the global climate. We evaluate the prospects of land sparing and wildlife-friendly farming, two contrasting a...


Koh, L.P.Levang, P.Ghazoul, J.[Designer landscapes for sustainable biofuels]Designer landscapes for sustainable biofuels

We examine five forested landscapes in Africa (Cameroon, Madagascar, and Tanzania) and Asia (Indonesia and Laos) at different stages of landscape change. In all five areas, forest cover (outside of protected areas) continues to decrease despite local people’s recognition of the importance of fore...


Pfund, J.L.Watts, J.D.Boissiere, M.Boucard, A.Bullock, R.M.Ekadinata, A.Dewi, S.Feintrenie, L.Levang, P.Rantala, S.Sheil, DouglasSunderland, T.C.H.[Understanding and integrating local perceptions of trees and forests into incentives for sustainable landscape management]Understanding and integrating local perceptions of trees and forests into incentives for sustainable landscape management

Local communities, especially those living in forested areas, are generally presented as innocent victims of global economic policies that benefit the private and public sectors. This paper discusses local stakeholders’ perception of the government policies and actions, people’s rights, and peopl...


Feintrenie, L.Levang, P.[Local voices call for economic development over forest conservation: Trade-offs and policy in Bungo, Sumatra]Local voices call for economic development over forest conservation: Trade-offs and policy in Bungo, Sumatra
Levang, P.Sitorus, SGaveau, D.L.A.Sunderland, T.C.H.[Landless farmers, sly opportunists, and manipulated voters: the squatters of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (Indonesia)]Landless farmers, sly opportunists, and manipulated voters: the squatters of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (Indonesia)
Muafor, F.J.Levang, P.Le Gall, P.[A crispy delicacy: Augosoma Beetle as alternative source of protein in East Cameroon]A crispy delicacy: Augosoma Beetle as alternative source of protein in East Cameroon

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