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Milk is an important source of energy and nutrients, especially for children, and in Kenya, milk consumption is higher than other countries in the region. One major concern with milk is the risks of chemical contaminants, and reports of high levels of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk in Kenya has been...


Lindahl, Johanna F.Kagera, I.N.Grace, Delia[Aflatoxin M1 levels in different marketed milk products in Nairobi, Kenya]Aflatoxin M1 levels in different marketed milk products in Nairobi, Kenya

Background: Food safety is of increasing global concern, and a OneHealth issue requiring attention of many disciplines. Aflatoxins are toxins produced by fungi and found in foods and feeds, and exposure causes negative health effects in humans and animals. When lactating animals consume aflatoxin...


Anyango, G.Mutua, F.Kagera, I.Andang'o, P.Grace, DeliaLindahl, Johanna F.[A survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu County, Kenya]A survey of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk produced in urban and peri-urban areas of Kisumu County, Kenya

Aflatoxins are toxic by-products of fungi contaminating maize and other crops; they can be carried over into milk, meat and eggs when livestock eat aflatoxin-contaminated feed or fodder. People who consume such animal products are exposed to the toxins. To assess the aflatoxin contamination statu...


Kirino, Y.Makita, K.Grace, DeliaLindahl, Johanna F.[Survey of informal milk retailers in Nairobi, Kenya and prevalence of aflatoxin M1 in marketed milk]Survey of informal milk retailers in Nairobi, Kenya and prevalence of aflatoxin M1 in marketed milk

Aflatoxins continue to be a food safety problem globally, especially in developing regions. A significant amount of effort and resources have been invested in an attempt to control aflatoxins. However, these efforts have not substantially decreased the prevalence nor the dietary exposure to aflat...


Ahlberg, Sara H.Grace, DeliaOkoth, S.Lindahl, Johanna F.[Aflatoxin binders in foods for human consumption—Can this be promoted safely and ethically?]Aflatoxin binders in foods for human consumption—Can this be promoted safely and ethically?

Background: Dairy production in Kenya is important and dominated by small-holder farmers who market their produce through small-scale traders in the informal sector. Method: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of aflatoxin (AFM1) in informally marketed milk in peri-urban Nairobi, Kenya,...


Kuboka, M.M.Imungi, J.K.Njue, L.Mutua, F.Grace, DeliaLindahl, Johanna F.[Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk traded in peri-urban Nairobi, and the effect of boiling and fermentation]Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk traded in peri-urban Nairobi, and the effect of boiling and fermentation

Human food and animal feed can contain many different hazards, which may be biological, chemical, or physical. In most countries, there are regulations that limit the levels of these hazards permitted in food and feed so as to protect consumers. Optimally, the levels specified in the standards sh...


Sirma, A.J.Lindahl, Johanna F.Makita, K.Senerwa, D.Mtimet, NadhemKang’ethe, E.K.Grace, Delia[The impacts of aflatoxin standards on health and nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Kenya]The impacts of aflatoxin standards on health and nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Kenya

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a fungal by-product which causes acute and chronic toxicity in humans and many other animals. This research was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of AFB1 contamination in maize and residents’ awareness of aflatoxins in Son La province, Vietnam. Maize samples were randoml...


Xuan Thi Thanh NguyenThuy Thi Thanh NguyenHung Nguyen-VietKhanh Ngoc TranLindahl, Johanna F.Grace, DeliaThanh Minh HaHu Suk Lee[Assessment of aflatoxin B1 in maize and awareness of aflatoxins in Son La, Vietnam]Assessment of aflatoxin B1 in maize and awareness of aflatoxins in Son La, Vietnam

Background: Food-borne diseases are contributing to health burdens globally, especially in developing countries. In India, milk production is important for nutrition security, but milk products are prone to contamination with pathogens. In Assam, a state in Northeast India, a novel hygiene interv...


Lindahl, Johanna F.Deka, Ram PratimAsse, RainerLapar, Ma. LucilaGrace, Delia[Hygiene knowledge, attitudes and practices among dairy value chain actors in Assam, north-east India and the impact of a training intervention]Hygiene knowledge, attitudes and practices among dairy value chain actors in Assam, north-east India and the impact of a training intervention

Introduction: Milk consumption in Kenya supersedes other countries in East Africa. However, milk contamination with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is common, but the magnitude of this exposure and the health risks are poorly understood and need to be monitored routinely. This study aimed at assessing the aw...


Kagera, IreneKahenya, PeterMutua, FlorenceAnyango, GladysKyallo, FlorenceGrace, DeliaLindahl, Johanna F.[Status of aflatoxin contamination in cow milk produced in smallholder dairy farms in urban and peri-urban areas of Nairobi County: A case study of Kasarani sub county, Kenya]Status of aflatoxin contamination in cow milk produced in smallholder dairy farms in urban and peri-urban areas of Nairobi County: A case study of Kasarani sub county, Kenya

Zoonotic diseases, transmitted from animals to humans, are a public health challenge in developing countries. Livestock value chain actors have an important role to play as the first line of defence in safeguarding public health. However, although the livelihood and economic impacts of zoonoses a...


Nyokabi, S.Birner, R.Bett, Bernard K.Isuyi, L.Grace, DeliaGüttler, D.Lindahl, Johanna F.[Informal value chain actors’ knowledge and perceptions about zoonotic diseases and biosecurity in Kenya and the importance for food safety and public health]Informal value chain actors’ knowledge and perceptions about zoonotic diseases and biosecurity in Kenya and the importance for food safety and public health

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