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There is growing evidence that immunity of cattle to Cowdria ruminantium infection is mediated by T lymphocytes. C. ruminantium antigens that stimulate these responses are therefore of considerable importance to the development of a sub-unit vaccine against the disease. We have examined T cell re...


Mwangi, D.M.McKeever, Declan J.Nyanjui, J.K.Barbet, A.F.Mahan, S.M.[Immunisation of cattle against heartwater by infection with Cowdria ruminantium elicits T lymphocytes that recognise major antigenic proteins 1 and 2 of the agent]Immunisation of cattle against heartwater by infection with Cowdria ruminantium elicits T lymphocytes that recognise major antigenic proteins 1 and 2 of the agent

We describe a highly sensitive, non-radioactive assay for T cell activation, based on the rapid induction of class II MHC expression by constitutively negative bovine endothelial cells, when cultured in the presence of supernatants derived from activated bovine T cells. We demonstrate the effecti...


Ballingall, K.T.Mwangi, D.M.MacHugh, Niall D.Taracha, E.L.N.Totte, P.McKeever, Declan J.[A highly sensitive, non-radioactive assay for T cell activation in cattle: Applications in screening for antigens recognised by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells]A highly sensitive, non-radioactive assay for T cell activation in cattle: Applications in screening for antigens recognised by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from immune cattle proliferate in the presence of autologous Cowdria ruminantium-infected endothelial cells and monocytes. Endothelial cells required treatment with T-cell growth factors to induce class II major histocompatibility complex expression prior...


Mwangi, D.M.Mahan, S.M.Nyanjui, J.K.Taracha, E.L.N.McKeever, Declan J.[Immunization of cattle by infection with Cowdria ruminantium elicits T lymphocytes that recognize autologous, infected endothelial cells and monocytes]Immunization of cattle by infection with Cowdria ruminantium elicits T lymphocytes that recognize autologous, infected endothelial cells and monocytes

Muriuki, H.G.Thorpe, W.R.Mwangi, D.M.Owango, M.O.Staal, Steven J.Waithaka, M.M.[Innovative approaches to research and development collaboration for impact on rural livelihoods: a case study of the Smallholder Dairy (R&D) Project]Innovative approaches to research and development collaboration for impact on rural livelihoods: a case study of the Smallholder Dairy (R&D) Project

Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) binding to Cowdria ruminantium elementary bodies (CB) were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and surface binding of one MAb (446.15) to intact CB was determined by immunofluorescence, immunogold labeling, and transmission electron microscopy. MAb 446.15 ...


Shompole, S.Rurangirwa, F.R.Wambugu, J.Sitienei, J.Mwangi, D.M.Musoke, A.J.Mahan, S.Wells, C.W.McGuire, T.C.[Monoclonal antibody binding to a surface exposed epitope on Cowdria ruminantium that is conserved among light strains]Monoclonal antibody binding to a surface exposed epitope on Cowdria ruminantium that is conserved among light strains

Staal, Steven J.Waithaka, M.M.Njoroge, L.Mwangi, D.M.Njubi, D.Wokabi, A.[Costs of milk production in Kenya: estimates from Kiambu, Nakuru and Nyandarua districts]Costs of milk production in Kenya: estimates from Kiambu, Nakuru and Nyandarua districts

Dairy production in an important enterprise for many smallholders in the East African highlands, where population pressure is high and inheritance traditionally leads to the subdivision of land holdings. As a result, farm sizes are decreasing such that in Kiambu District, central Kenya, they aver...


Mwangi, D.M.Giller, Ken E.Thorpe, W.R.Thomas, D.[Effect of intercropping with herbaceous legumes on the yield and quality of Napier grass in the central highlands of Kenya]Effect of intercropping with herbaceous legumes on the yield and quality of Napier grass in the central highlands of Kenya
Mwangi, D.M.Graham, S.P.Pelle, RogerHonda, Y.Tonukari, N.J.Yamage, I.M.Glew, E.J.Villiers, Etienne P. deShah, TushaarBishop, Richard P.Abuya, E.Awino, EliasGachanja, J.Luyai, A.E.Mbwika, F.Muthiani, A.M.Ndegwa, D.M.Njahira, Moses N.Nyanjui, J.K.Onono, F.O.Osaso, J.Saya, R.M.Wildmann, C.Fraser, C.M.Maudlin, I.Gardner, M.J.Morzaria, S.P.Loosmore, S.Gilbert, S.C.Audonnet, J.C.Bruggen, P. van derNene, VishvanathTaracha, E.L.N.[Exploiting host immunity and parasite genomics to develop a robust sub-unit vaccine against East Coast fever in cattle - Where are we?]Exploiting host immunity and parasite genomics to develop a robust sub-unit vaccine against East Coast fever in cattle - Where are we?

Heartwater (cowdriosis) is an infectious disease of domestic ruminants in Africa and the Carribean and is caused by a tick-borne intracellular rickettsial agent, Cowdria ruminantium. There is growing evidence that immunity of cattle to the disease is medicated by T. lymphocytes. Antigens that sti...


Mwangi, D.M.McKeever, Declan J.Nyanjui, J.K.Barbet, A.F.Mahan, S.M.[Major antigenic proteins 1 and 2 of Cowdria ruminantium are targets for T-lymphocyte responses of immune cattle]Major antigenic proteins 1 and 2 of Cowdria ruminantium are targets for T-lymphocyte responses of immune cattle

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