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Estimating the incomes of people whose livelihoods depend on the forests is a key to understanding their well being and the use of the forest. Yet there has been little agreement about the methods to undertake such assessment. This paper reviews the strengths and weaknesses of the methods availab...


Wollenberg, Eva K.Nawir, A.A.[Estimating the incomes of people who depend on forests]Estimating the incomes of people who depend on forests

An important means of expanding plantation production and benefiting small-scale producers is through corporate smallholder partnerships that establish agreements for industries to purchase wood produced by other parties, including but not limited to smallholders. The workshop, and subsequent syn...


Nawir, A.A.Anyonge, C.H.Race, D.Vermeulen, Sonja J.[Towards equitable partnerships between corporate and smallholder partners: relating partnerships to social, economic and environmental indicators: workshop synthesis]Towards equitable partnerships between corporate and smallholder partners: relating partnerships to social, economic and environmental indicators: workshop synthesis
Nawir, A.A.[Ensuring corporate-smallholder partnerships benefit all players and the environment]Ensuring corporate-smallholder partnerships benefit all players and the environment
Chokkalingam, U.Sabogal C.Almeida, E.Carandang, A.P.Gumartini, T.Jong, W. deBrienza, S.Meza Lopez, A.MurniatiNawir, A.A.Wibowo, L.R.Toma, T.Wollenberg, Eva K.Zhou Zaichi[Local participation, livelihood needs, and institutional arrangements: three keys to sustainable rehabilitation of degraded tropical forest lands]Local participation, livelihood needs, and institutional arrangements: three keys to sustainable rehabilitation of degraded tropical forest lands

This article describes some different schemes through which smallholders participate in establishing and managing productive plantations. These reflect a continuum from management by tree growers themselves to private corporate initiatives, with government-initiated collaborative management in be...


Nawir, A.A.Kassa, H.Sandewall, M.Dore, D.Campbell, Bruce M.Ohlsson, B.Bekele, M.[Stimulating smallholder tree planting – lessons from Africa and Asia]Stimulating smallholder tree planting – lessons from Africa and Asia
Calderón, M.M.Nawir, A.A.[An evaluation of the feasibility and benefits of forest partnerships to develop tree plantations: case studies in the Philippines]An evaluation of the feasibility and benefits of forest partnerships to develop tree plantations: case studies in the Philippines

Data from damar agroforest and hill dipterocarp forest sites suggest that income alone is inadequate for explaining why people conserve a non-timber forest product. The explanatory value of several cash income-based indicators was tested and the results showed that these indicators provide only a...


Wollenberg, Eva K.Nawir, A.A.Uluk, A.Pramono, H.[Income is not enough: the effect of economic incentives on forest product conservation: a comparison of forest communities dependent on the agroforests of Krui, Sumatra and natural dipterocarp forests of Kayan Mentarang, East Kalimantan]Income is not enough: the effect of economic incentives on forest product conservation: a comparison of forest communities dependent on the agroforests of Krui, Sumatra and natural dipterocarp forests of Kayan Mentarang, East Kalimantan

Indonesia has a considerable area of degraded land requiring rehabilitation. However, most rehabilitation projects in the past have been government driven, depending on public funding (ndonesian government and international donors), and have focused mainly on technical aspects. As a result people...


Nawir, A.A.Gumartini, T.[Company--community partnership outgrower schemes in forestry plantations in Indonesia: an alternative to conventional rehabilitation programmes]Company--community partnership outgrower schemes in forestry plantations in Indonesia: an alternative to conventional rehabilitation programmes
Nawir, A.A.[Commercial community tree-growing inside state forests: an economic perspective from Eastern Indonesia]Commercial community tree-growing inside state forests: an economic perspective from Eastern Indonesia

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