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The effectiveness of the exotic South American hymenopterous parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) in controlling the cassava mealybug (CM), Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero, in southwestern Nigeria, was assessed using emergence samples. Ten infested cassava tips were collected from each...


Neuenschwander, P.Hammond, W.N.O.[Natural enemy activity following the introduction of Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hymenoptera: encyrtidae) against the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: psudococcidae), in southwestern Nigeria]Natural enemy activity following the introduction of Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hymenoptera: encyrtidae) against the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: psudococcidae), in southwestern Nigeria

Surveys were carried out in Zambia twice yearly from 1986 to 1990, to assess the impact of a biological control campaign against the cassava mealybug (CM), Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr., throughout the infested area. From 1984 onward, the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hym....


Chakupurakal, J.Markham, R.H.Neuenschwander, P.Sakala, M.Malambo, C.Mulwanda, D.Banda, E.Chalabesa, A.Bird, T.Haug, T.M.[Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zambia]Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zambia

Two specific endophagous parasitoids Gyranusoidea tebygi and Anagyrus mangicola, of Indian origin, were mass‐reared at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in Cotonou and released against the mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens, in collaboration with national biological control pr...


Neuenschwander, P.Boavida, C.Bokonon-Ganta, A.H.Gado, A.Herren, H.R.[Establishment and spread of Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes and Anagyrus mangicola Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), two biologigal control agents released against the mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Africa]Establishment and spread of Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes and Anagyrus mangicola Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), two biologigal control agents released against the mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Africa

Population data concerning the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero, the introduced parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis), and indigenous antagonists were collected, together with ecological and plant growth variables, during a survey of 414 fields covering all ecologic...


Neuenschwander, P.Hammond, W.Ajuonu, O.Gado, A.Echendu, N.Bokonon-Ganta, A.H.Allomasso, R.Okon, I.[Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom., Pseudococcidae) by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym., Encyrtidae) in West Africa, as influenced by climate and soil]Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom., Pseudococcidae) by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym., Encyrtidae) in West Africa, as influenced by climate and soil

In surveys of cassava fields in the coastal savanna and rain forest zones of Ghana, eight species of ants, mostly in the genera Camponotus, Crematogaster and Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), were found attending cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero. Ant densities were much hig...


Cudjoe, A.Neuenschwander, P.Copland, M.[Interference by ants in biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Ghana]Interference by ants in biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Ghana

The capability of Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) to control the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr. (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) was investigated in Nigeria using physical and chemical exclusion experiments. In two sleeve cage experiments CM population...


Neuenschwander, P.Schulthess, F.Madojemu, E.[Experimental evaluation of the efficiency of Epidinocarsis lopezi, a parasitoid introduced into Africa against the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti]Experimental evaluation of the efficiency of Epidinocarsis lopezi, a parasitoid introduced into Africa against the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti

Cassava mealybugs (CM) of different stages, which had been stung by an E. lopezi female, were inspected after 6 and 20 days. The killing power of the parasitoid was several times higher than the production of parasitoid off-spring. Host-feeding and mutilation were responsible for 6-22% and 11-34%...


Neuenschwander, P.Madojemu, E.[Mortality of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr.(Hom., Pseudococcidea) associated with an attack by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym., Encyrtidae)]Mortality of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr.(Hom., Pseudococcidea) associated with an attack by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym., Encyrtidae)

Biological control is a significant component of integrated pest management programs around the world. However, uncertainty about the risk of unanticipated effects on non-target organisms is one of the major concerns surrounding the release of biological control agents. This Brief has been prepar...


Hoeschle-Zeledon, IrmgardNeuenschwander, P.Kumar, P.L.[Regulatory challenges for biological control]Regulatory challenges for biological control

The competition between Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes and Anagyrus mangicola Noyes (both Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), exotic parasitoids of the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) was studied in the laboratory. No significant differences were found in the way each ...


Bokonon-Ganta, A.H.Alphen, J.J.M. vanNeuenschwander, P.[Competition between Gyranusoidea tebygi and Anagyrus mangicola, parasitoids of the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens: interspecific host discrimination and larval competition]Competition between Gyranusoidea tebygi and Anagyrus mangicola, parasitoids of the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens: interspecific host discrimination and larval competition

Host stage selection and sex allocation by Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes (Hym,, Encyrtidae) were studied in choice and no-choice experiments in the laboratory. The parasitoid reproduced on first, second, and third instars of the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Hem., Pseudococcidae), a...


Boavida, C.Ahounou, M.Vos, M.Neuenschwander, P.Alphen, J.J.M. van[Host stage selection and sex allocation by Gyranusoidea tebygi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidea), a parasitoid of the mango mealbug, Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)]Host stage selection and sex allocation by Gyranusoidea tebygi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidea), a parasitoid of the mango mealbug, Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)

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