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Since its accidental introduction into Africa, the cassava mealybug (CM) has spread to about 25 countries. The specific parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi, introduced from South America, its area of origin, into Nigeria in 1981, has since been released in more than 50 sites. By the end of 1986 it wa...


Neuenschwander, P.Herren, H.R.Harpaz, I.Badulescu, D.Akingbohungbe, A.E.[Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, by the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi in Africa [and Discussion]]Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, by the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi in Africa [and Discussion]

Following the successful introduction of Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) for biological control of the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus .manihoti Mat.-Ferr. in southwestern Nigeria in 1981 and 1982, 11 groups of cassava fields were sampled every 2 weeks up to 1988 for impact assessment. After 1...


Hammond, W.N.O.Neuenschwander, P.[Sustained biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom: Pseudococcidae) by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym.: Encyrtidae) in Nigeria]Sustained biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom: Pseudococcidae) by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym.: Encyrtidae) in Nigeria

The cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.‐Ferr., spread in Zaire from foci at Kinshasa (1973), Mulandi (1978), and Goma (1982). It now occurs over an area of 560 000 km2, mainly in regions with a dry season of at least 90 days. Within these regions the pest occurs principally in areas havin...


Hennessey, R.D.Neuenschwander, P.Muaka, T.[Spread and current distribution of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zaire]Spread and current distribution of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zaire

(1) The effects of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr., on cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, growth, development and yields as modified by weather, soil water and nitrogen, and natural enemies were examined. (2) Rainfall-induced mortality and plant carbohydrate stress were the...


Gutiérrez, A.P.Neuenschwander, P.Schulthess, F.Herren, H.R.Baumgaertner, J.U.Wermelinger, B.Lohr, B.Ellis, C.K.[Analysis of the biological control of cassava pests in Africa: II. Cassava mealybug (Phenaccoccus manihoti)]Analysis of the biological control of cassava pests in Africa: II. Cassava mealybug (Phenaccoccus manihoti)

Different combinations of insects belonging to three trophic levels were released in large cages with hydroponie cultures of cassava in a greenhouse. The cassava mealybug (CM )' Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Horn., Pseudococcidae) was applied at two initial infestation densities to cassava...


Goergen, Georg E.Neuenschwander, P.[A cage experiment with four trophic levels: cassava plant growth as influenced by cassava mealybud, Phenacoccus manihoti, its parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi,and the hyperparasitoids Prochiloneurus insolitus and Chartocerus hyalipennis]A cage experiment with four trophic levels: cassava plant growth as influenced by cassava mealybud, Phenacoccus manihoti, its parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi,and the hyperparasitoids Prochiloneurus insolitus and Chartocerus hyalipennis

From 1985 to 1989 five large scale surveys were made to document the spread of the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus manihoti Matile‐Ferrero (Hom., Pseudococcidae) and the releases and successful establishment of its exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hym., Encyrtidae) through mo...


Neuenschwander, P.Borowka, R.Phiri, G.Hammans, H.Nyirenda, S.Kapeya, E.H.Gadabu, A.[Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom., Pseudococcidae), by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym., Encyrtidae) in Malawi]Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom., Pseudococcidae), by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym., Encyrtidae) in Malawi

The efficiency of natural enemies, especially the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) and the indigenous predator Exochomus troberti Mulsant, in reducing populations of the cassava mealybug (CM), Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.‐Ferr., was studied through exclusion experiments. In the phy...


Cudjoe, A.R.Neuenschwander, P.Copland, M.J.W.[Experimental determination of the efficiency of indigenous and exotic natural enemies of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat. Ferr. (Hom., Pseudococcidae), in Ghana]Experimental determination of the efficiency of indigenous and exotic natural enemies of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat. Ferr. (Hom., Pseudococcidae), in Ghana

During the past six years, the South-American encyrtid wasp Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) was released from the ground and from the air in about 100 areas in Africa for the biological control of the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr. It was established in all release sites a...


Neuenschwander, P.Haug, T.Ajounu, O.Davis, H.Akinwumi, B.Madojemu, E.[Quality requirements in natural enemies used for inoculative release: practical experience from a successful biological control programme]Quality requirements in natural enemies used for inoculative release: practical experience from a successful biological control programme

The capability of Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) to control the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr. (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) was investigated in Nigeria using physical and chemical exclusion experiments. In two sleeve cage experiments CM population...


Neuenschwander, P.Schulthess, F.Madojemu, E.[Experimental evaluation of the efficiency of Epidinocarsis lopezi, a parasitoid introduced into Africa against the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti]Experimental evaluation of the efficiency of Epidinocarsis lopezi, a parasitoid introduced into Africa against the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti

In laboratory experiments with Epidinocarsis lopezi, a parasite that has been introduced into Africa for the biological control of Phenacoccus manihoti on cassava, hosts of different stages that had been stung by a female parasite were inspected after 6 and 20 days. The killing power of the paras...


Neuenschwander, P.Madojemu, E.[Mortality of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti MAT.FERR. (Hom., Pseudococcidae), associated with an attack by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym., Encyrtidae)]Mortality of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti MAT.FERR. (Hom., Pseudococcidae), associated with an attack by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym., Encyrtidae)

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