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Host stage selection and sex allocation behaviors by Anagyrus mangicola Noyes were studied in choice and no-choice experiments in the laboratory. All host instars of the mango mealybug (MM), Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Hem., Pseudococcidae), were parasitized. First instars were less often enc...


Bokonon-Ganta, A.H.Neuenschwander, P.Vanalphen, J.J.M.Vos, M.[Host stage selection and sex allocation by Anagyrus mangicola (Hymenoptera: encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera: pseudococcidae)]Host stage selection and sex allocation by Anagyrus mangicola (Hymenoptera: encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera: pseudococcidae)

The parasitoid Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes was released in West Africa against the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens Williams, a pest that invaded Africa in the early 1980s. The ability of G. tebygi to control the mango mealybug was assessed in mango trees using paired sleeve cages. In sleeve c...


Boavida, C.Neuenschwander, P.Herren, H.[Experimental assessment of the impact of the introduced parasitoid Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes on the mango mealbug Rastrococcus invadens Williams, by physical exclusion]Experimental assessment of the impact of the introduced parasitoid Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes on the mango mealbug Rastrococcus invadens Williams, by physical exclusion

The effectiveness of the exotic South American hymenopterous parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) in controlling the cassava mealybug (CM), Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero, in southwestern Nigeria, was assessed using emergence samples. Ten infested cassava tips were collected from each...


Neuenschwander, P.Hammond, W.N.O.[Natural enemy activity following the introduction of Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hymenoptera: encyrtidae) against the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: psudococcidae), in southwestern Nigeria]Natural enemy activity following the introduction of Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hymenoptera: encyrtidae) against the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: psudococcidae), in southwestern Nigeria

Since its accidental introduction into Africa, the cassava mealybug (CM) has spread to about 25 countries. The specific parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi, introduced from South America, its area of origin, into Nigeria in 1981, has since been released in more than 50 sites. By the end of 1986 it wa...


Neuenschwander, P.Herren, H.R.Harpaz, I.Badulescu, D.Akingbohungbe, A.E.[Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, by the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi in Africa [and Discussion]]Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, by the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi in Africa [and Discussion]

Surveys were carried out in Zambia twice yearly from 1986 to 1990, to assess the impact of a biological control campaign against the cassava mealybug (CM), Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr., throughout the infested area. From 1984 onward, the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hym....


Chakupurakal, J.Markham, R.H.Neuenschwander, P.Sakala, M.Malambo, C.Mulwanda, D.Banda, E.Chalabesa, A.Bird, T.Haug, T.M.[Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zambia]Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zambia

1. In cassava fields in Africa, population sex ratios of Epidinocarsis fopezi vaned from 0.44 (males to total parasitoids) at low host densities to highly male-biased ratios of 0.70 at high host densities. 2. This variability is caused by the difference in allocation of sons and daughters to host...


Dijken, M.J. vanNeuenschwander, P.Alphen, J.J.M. vanHammond, W.N.O.[Sex ratios in field populations of Epidinocarsis lopezi, an exotic parasitoid of the cassava mealybug, in Africa]Sex ratios in field populations of Epidinocarsis lopezi, an exotic parasitoid of the cassava mealybug, in Africa

Two specific endophagous parasitoids Gyranusoidea tebygi and Anagyrus mangicola, of Indian origin, were mass‐reared at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in Cotonou and released against the mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens, in collaboration with national biological control pr...


Neuenschwander, P.Boavida, C.Bokonon-Ganta, A.H.Gado, A.Herren, H.R.[Establishment and spread of Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes and Anagyrus mangicola Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), two biologigal control agents released against the mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Africa]Establishment and spread of Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes and Anagyrus mangicola Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), two biologigal control agents released against the mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Africa

Following the successful introduction of Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) for biological control of the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus .manihoti Mat.-Ferr. in southwestern Nigeria in 1981 and 1982, 11 groups of cassava fields were sampled every 2 weeks up to 1988 for impact assessment. After 1...


Hammond, W.N.O.Neuenschwander, P.[Sustained biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom: Pseudococcidae) by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym.: Encyrtidae) in Nigeria]Sustained biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom: Pseudococcidae) by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym.: Encyrtidae) in Nigeria

The cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.‐Ferr., spread in Zaire from foci at Kinshasa (1973), Mulandi (1978), and Goma (1982). It now occurs over an area of 560 000 km2, mainly in regions with a dry season of at least 90 days. Within these regions the pest occurs principally in areas havin...


Hennessey, R.D.Neuenschwander, P.Muaka, T.[Spread and current distribution of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zaire]Spread and current distribution of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zaire

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