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Different combinations of insects belonging to three trophic levels were released in large cages with hydroponie cultures of cassava in a greenhouse. The cassava mealybug (CM )' Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Horn., Pseudococcidae) was applied at two initial infestation densities to cassava...


Goergen, Georg E.Neuenschwander, P.[A cage experiment with four trophic levels: cassava plant growth as influenced by cassava mealybud, Phenacoccus manihoti, its parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi,and the hyperparasitoids Prochiloneurus insolitus and Chartocerus hyalipennis]A cage experiment with four trophic levels: cassava plant growth as influenced by cassava mealybud, Phenacoccus manihoti, its parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi,and the hyperparasitoids Prochiloneurus insolitus and Chartocerus hyalipennis

From 1985 to 1989 five large scale surveys were made to document the spread of the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus manihoti Matile‐Ferrero (Hom., Pseudococcidae) and the releases and successful establishment of its exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hym., Encyrtidae) through mo...


Neuenschwander, P.Borowka, R.Phiri, G.Hammans, H.Nyirenda, S.Kapeya, E.H.Gadabu, A.[Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom., Pseudococcidae), by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym., Encyrtidae) in Malawi]Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom., Pseudococcidae), by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym., Encyrtidae) in Malawi

During the past six years, the South-American encyrtid wasp Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) was released from the ground and from the air in about 100 areas in Africa for the biological control of the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr. It was established in all release sites a...


Neuenschwander, P.Haug, T.Ajounu, O.Davis, H.Akinwumi, B.Madojemu, E.[Quality requirements in natural enemies used for inoculative release: practical experience from a successful biological control programme]Quality requirements in natural enemies used for inoculative release: practical experience from a successful biological control programme

The capability of Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) to control the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr. (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) was investigated in Nigeria using physical and chemical exclusion experiments. In two sleeve cage experiments CM population...


Neuenschwander, P.Schulthess, F.Madojemu, E.[Experimental evaluation of the efficiency of Epidinocarsis lopezi, a parasitoid introduced into Africa against the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti]Experimental evaluation of the efficiency of Epidinocarsis lopezi, a parasitoid introduced into Africa against the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti

Biological control is a significant component of integrated pest management programs around the world. However, uncertainty about the risk of unanticipated effects on non-target organisms is one of the major concerns surrounding the release of biological control agents. This Brief has been prepar...


Hoeschle-Zeledon, IrmgardNeuenschwander, P.Kumar, P.L.[Regulatory challenges for biological control]Regulatory challenges for biological control

Since 1999, four specific weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) were released in the Republic of Congo against three exotic floating water weeds: Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache against water hyacinth, Neohydronomus affinis Hustache against water lettuce, and Cyrtobagous salvin...


Mbati, G.Neuenschwander, P.[Biological control of three floating water weeds, Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, and Salvinia molesta in the Republic of Congo]Biological control of three floating water weeds, Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, and Salvinia molesta in the Republic of Congo

Weeds by definition are plants that grow in the wrong place. When their seeds or other plant parts are transported to other regions where their natural enemies are absent, they can multiply unhindered. Indigenous plants, especially those that are adapted for invading disturbed areas, can also bec...


Ajuonu, O.Tamò, M.Neuenschwander, P.Toko, M.Beed, Fen D.Hounkpe, C.[Invasive floating water weeds – killing life and commerce]Invasive floating water weeds – killing life and commerce
Alene, A.Neuenschwander, P.Manyong, Victor M.Coulibaly O.Hanna, R.[The impact of IITA led biological control of major pests in sub-Saharan African agriculture: a synthesis of milestones and empirical results]The impact of IITA led biological control of major pests in sub-Saharan African agriculture: a synthesis of milestones and empirical results

In early 1993, the spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Russell), was observed in Benin for the first time, inflicting damage to ornamental and shade trees and cassava. The parasitoids Encarsia ?haitiensis Dozier and E. guadeloupae Viggiani were observed in the second half of 1993. They we...


D'Almeida, Y.A.Lys, J.A.Neuenschwander, P.Ajuonu, O.[Impact of two accidentally introduced Encarsia species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and other biotic and abiotic factors on the spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus (Russell) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Benin, West Africa]Impact of two accidentally introduced Encarsia species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and other biotic and abiotic factors on the spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus (Russell) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Benin, West Africa

Techniques for evaluating biological control of cassava mealybug (Phenacoccusmanihoti Matile-Ferrero), mango mealybug (Rastrococcus invadens Williams), and spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus Russell) are described. In each case, two exotic hymenopterous parasitoids were introduced. Alone ...


Neuenschwander, P.[Evaluating the efficacy of biological control of three of three exotic homopteran pests in Tropical Africa]Evaluating the efficacy of biological control of three of three exotic homopteran pests in Tropical Africa

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