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Host stage selection and sex allocation behaviors by Anagyrus mangicola Noyes were studied in choice and no-choice experiments in the laboratory. All host instars of the mango mealybug (MM), Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Hem., Pseudococcidae), were parasitized. First instars were less often enc...


Bokonon-Ganta, A.H.Neuenschwander, P.Vanalphen, J.J.M.Vos, M.[Host stage selection and sex allocation by Anagyrus mangicola (Hymenoptera: encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera: pseudococcidae)]Host stage selection and sex allocation by Anagyrus mangicola (Hymenoptera: encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera: pseudococcidae)

The parasitoid Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes was released in West Africa against the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens Williams, a pest that invaded Africa in the early 1980s. The ability of G. tebygi to control the mango mealybug was assessed in mango trees using paired sleeve cages. In sleeve c...


Boavida, C.Neuenschwander, P.Herren, H.[Experimental assessment of the impact of the introduced parasitoid Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes on the mango mealbug Rastrococcus invadens Williams, by physical exclusion]Experimental assessment of the impact of the introduced parasitoid Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes on the mango mealbug Rastrococcus invadens Williams, by physical exclusion

The effectiveness of the exotic South American hymenopterous parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) in controlling the cassava mealybug (CM), Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero, in southwestern Nigeria, was assessed using emergence samples. Ten infested cassava tips were collected from each...


Neuenschwander, P.Hammond, W.N.O.[Natural enemy activity following the introduction of Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hymenoptera: encyrtidae) against the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: psudococcidae), in southwestern Nigeria]Natural enemy activity following the introduction of Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hymenoptera: encyrtidae) against the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: psudococcidae), in southwestern Nigeria

Surveys were carried out in Zambia twice yearly from 1986 to 1990, to assess the impact of a biological control campaign against the cassava mealybug (CM), Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr., throughout the infested area. From 1984 onward, the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hym....


Chakupurakal, J.Markham, R.H.Neuenschwander, P.Sakala, M.Malambo, C.Mulwanda, D.Banda, E.Chalabesa, A.Bird, T.Haug, T.M.[Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zambia]Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zambia

Two specific endophagous parasitoids Gyranusoidea tebygi and Anagyrus mangicola, of Indian origin, were mass‐reared at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in Cotonou and released against the mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens, in collaboration with national biological control pr...


Neuenschwander, P.Boavida, C.Bokonon-Ganta, A.H.Gado, A.Herren, H.R.[Establishment and spread of Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes and Anagyrus mangicola Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), two biologigal control agents released against the mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Africa]Establishment and spread of Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes and Anagyrus mangicola Noyes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), two biologigal control agents released against the mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Africa

Following the successful introduction of Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) for biological control of the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus .manihoti Mat.-Ferr. in southwestern Nigeria in 1981 and 1982, 11 groups of cassava fields were sampled every 2 weeks up to 1988 for impact assessment. After 1...


Hammond, W.N.O.Neuenschwander, P.[Sustained biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom: Pseudococcidae) by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym.: Encyrtidae) in Nigeria]Sustained biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom: Pseudococcidae) by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym.: Encyrtidae) in Nigeria

(1) The effects of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr., on cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, growth, development and yields as modified by weather, soil water and nitrogen, and natural enemies were examined. (2) Rainfall-induced mortality and plant carbohydrate stress were the...


Gutiérrez, A.P.Neuenschwander, P.Schulthess, F.Herren, H.R.Baumgaertner, J.U.Wermelinger, B.Lohr, B.Ellis, C.K.[Analysis of the biological control of cassava pests in Africa: II. Cassava mealybug (Phenaccoccus manihoti)]Analysis of the biological control of cassava pests in Africa: II. Cassava mealybug (Phenaccoccus manihoti)

During the Africa-wide Biological Control project, the neotropical parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was established in 26 African countries, causing a satisfactory reduction in the population density of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr. (Hom...


Neuenschwander, P.[Control of the cassava mealybug in Africa: lessons from a biological control project]Control of the cassava mealybug in Africa: lessons from a biological control project

The spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Hom., Aleyrodidae), a native of Central America, was found in continental Africa for the first time early in 1992, and has since spread to five West and Central African countries. It is a polyphagous pest which causes substantial damage also...


Neuenschwander, P.[Spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus, a recent invader and new cassava pest]Spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus, a recent invader and new cassava pest

1. A unified ratio-dependent supply-demand driven tritrophic model of the cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) system was compared to field data, and then used to explore the basis for the successful control of cassava mealybug (CM, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr.) in Africa by the exotic parasitoi...


Gutiérrez, A.Neuenschwander, P.Alphen, J. van[Factors affecting biological control of cassava mealybug by exotic parasitoids: a ratio dependent supply demand driven model]Factors affecting biological control of cassava mealybug by exotic parasitoids: a ratio dependent supply demand driven model

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