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Since its accidental introduction into Africa, the cassava mealybug (CM) has spread to about 25 countries. The specific parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi, introduced from South America, its area of origin, into Nigeria in 1981, has since been released in more than 50 sites. By the end of 1986 it wa...


Neuenschwander, P.Herren, H.R.Harpaz, I.Badulescu, D.Akingbohungbe, A.E.[Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, by the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi in Africa [and Discussion]]Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, by the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi in Africa [and Discussion]

Surveys were carried out in Zambia twice yearly from 1986 to 1990, to assess the impact of a biological control campaign against the cassava mealybug (CM), Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr., throughout the infested area. From 1984 onward, the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hym....


Chakupurakal, J.Markham, R.H.Neuenschwander, P.Sakala, M.Malambo, C.Mulwanda, D.Banda, E.Chalabesa, A.Bird, T.Haug, T.M.[Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zambia]Biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zambia

1. In cassava fields in Africa, population sex ratios of Epidinocarsis fopezi vaned from 0.44 (males to total parasitoids) at low host densities to highly male-biased ratios of 0.70 at high host densities. 2. This variability is caused by the difference in allocation of sons and daughters to host...


Dijken, M.J. vanNeuenschwander, P.Alphen, J.J.M. vanHammond, W.N.O.[Sex ratios in field populations of Epidinocarsis lopezi, an exotic parasitoid of the cassava mealybug, in Africa]Sex ratios in field populations of Epidinocarsis lopezi, an exotic parasitoid of the cassava mealybug, in Africa

Following the successful introduction of Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) for biological control of the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus .manihoti Mat.-Ferr. in southwestern Nigeria in 1981 and 1982, 11 groups of cassava fields were sampled every 2 weeks up to 1988 for impact assessment. After 1...


Hammond, W.N.O.Neuenschwander, P.[Sustained biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom: Pseudococcidae) by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym.: Encyrtidae) in Nigeria]Sustained biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom: Pseudococcidae) by Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym.: Encyrtidae) in Nigeria

The cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.‐Ferr., spread in Zaire from foci at Kinshasa (1973), Mulandi (1978), and Goma (1982). It now occurs over an area of 560 000 km2, mainly in regions with a dry season of at least 90 days. Within these regions the pest occurs principally in areas havin...


Hennessey, R.D.Neuenschwander, P.Muaka, T.[Spread and current distribution of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zaire]Spread and current distribution of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zaire

(1) The effects of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr., on cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, growth, development and yields as modified by weather, soil water and nitrogen, and natural enemies were examined. (2) Rainfall-induced mortality and plant carbohydrate stress were the...


Gutiérrez, A.P.Neuenschwander, P.Schulthess, F.Herren, H.R.Baumgaertner, J.U.Wermelinger, B.Lohr, B.Ellis, C.K.[Analysis of the biological control of cassava pests in Africa: II. Cassava mealybug (Phenaccoccus manihoti)]Analysis of the biological control of cassava pests in Africa: II. Cassava mealybug (Phenaccoccus manihoti)
Goergen, Georg E.Tamò, M.Kyofa-Boamah, M.E.Bokonon-Ganta, A.H.Neuenschwander, P.[Papaya mealybug: a new invading pest in West Africa]Papaya mealybug: a new invading pest in West Africa

During the Africa-wide Biological Control project, the neotropical parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was established in 26 African countries, causing a satisfactory reduction in the population density of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr. (Hom...


Neuenschwander, P.[Control of the cassava mealybug in Africa: lessons from a biological control project]Control of the cassava mealybug in Africa: lessons from a biological control project

The metapopulation dynamics of the African cassava food web is explored using a physiologically based tritrophic model. The interacting species are cassava, cassava mealybug and its natural enemies (two parasitoids, a coccinellid predator and a fungal pathogen), and the cassava greenmite and its ...


Gutiérrez, A.P.Yaninek, John S.Neuenschwander, P.Ellis, C.K.[A physiologically based tritrophic metapopulation model of the African cassava food web]A physiologically based tritrophic metapopulation model of the African cassava food web

1. A unified ratio-dependent supply-demand driven tritrophic model of the cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) system was compared to field data, and then used to explore the basis for the successful control of cassava mealybug (CM, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr.) in Africa by the exotic parasitoi...


Gutiérrez, A.Neuenschwander, P.Alphen, J. van[Factors affecting biological control of cassava mealybug by exotic parasitoids: a ratio dependent supply demand driven model]Factors affecting biological control of cassava mealybug by exotic parasitoids: a ratio dependent supply demand driven model

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