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Forests and other tree-based systems such as agroforestry contribute to food and nutritional security in myriad ways. Directly, trees provide a variety of healthy foods including fruits, leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds and edible oils that can diversify diets and address seasonal food and nutrition...


Jamnadass, Ramni H.McMullin, S.Iiyama, M.Dawson, Ian K.Powell, B.Termote, C.Ickowitz, A.Kehlenbeck, K.Vinceti, B.Vliet, N. vanKeding, G.B.Stadlmayr, B.Damme, Patrick vanCarsan, S.Sunderland, T.C.H.Njenga, M.Gyau, A.Cerutti, P.Schure, J.Kouame, C.Darko Obiri, B.Ofori, D.Agarwal, B.Neufeldt, HenryDegrande, A.Serban, A.[Understanding the roles of forests and tree-based systems in food provision]Understanding the roles of forests and tree-based systems in food provision

This brief focuses on the challenges in making climate-smart agricultural production work for the poor, who will be the most vulnerable to climate impacts. It offers recommendations to overcome constraints, as even small management changes can have significant income and livelihood benefits.


Neufeldt, HenryKristjanson, Patricia M.Thorlakson, T.Gassner, AnjaNorton-Griffiths, M.Place, FrankLangford K[Making climate-smart agriculture work for the poor]Making climate-smart agriculture work for the poor

This section introduces some basic concepts surrounding the climate system, climate change and climate variability. We will provide some insights into the challenges of climate modelling and what the inherent uncertainty really means for us, before exploring the way adaptation has so far been dis...


Neufeldt, HenrySand, Isabel van deDietz, JohannesMinh HHYatich, T.Lasco, RodelNoordwijk, Meine van[Climate change, climate variability and adaptation options]Climate change, climate variability and adaptation options

The GHG (greenhouse gas) mitigation potential from the agricultural sector is set to increase in coming decades. Much of the agricultural mitigation potential lies in developing countries where systems are dominated by smallholder farmers. There is therefore an opportunity for smallholders not on...


Milne, ENeufeldt, HenrySmalligan, MRosenstock, Todd S.Bernoux, MartialBird, N.Casarim, FDenef, KEaster, M.Malin, DaniellaOgle, Stephen M.Ostwald, MPaustian, KeithPearson, TSteglich, E[Methods for the quantification of emissions at the landscape level for developing countries in smallholder contexts]Methods for the quantification of emissions at the landscape level for developing countries in smallholder contexts

New agricultural development pathways are required to meet climate change adaptation and mitigation needs in the food systems of low-income countries. A research and policy agenda is provided to indicate where innovation and new knowledge are needed. Adaptation requires identifying suitable crop ...


Wollenberg, Eva K.Herrero, Mario T.Wassmann, ReinerNeufeldt, HenryVermeulen, Sonja J.Rosswall, T.Campbell, Bruce M.Hellin, J.Jarvis, AndyChallinor, Andrew J.Snook, L.K.Smakhtin, Vladimir U.Kinyangi, James[Setting the agenda: Climate change adaptation and mitigation for food systems in the developing world]Setting the agenda: Climate change adaptation and mitigation for food systems in the developing world

In this section we provide a more in-depth look at the role trees play in the provision of goods and services in multifunctional landscapes. Tree growth is, however, vulnerable to climate variability, depending on the physiological properties of the tree and characteristics of the site. A further...


Jamnadass, Ramni H.Gebrekirstos, AsterNeufeldt, HenryMuthuri CDawson, I.Kindt, RoelandNyberg YDietz, JohannesBayala, JulesKuyah SOng CKSotelo Montes, CarmenWeber, John C.Hairiah KNoordwijk, Meine van[Trees as providers of environmental services in multifunctional landscapes are vulnerable to climate change]Trees as providers of environmental services in multifunctional landscapes are vulnerable to climate change

This brief focuses on the constraints that women face to more equitable participation in smallholder carbon and climatesmart initiatives. It highlights the important role that a flexible learning approach plays in advancing equity goals, and offers recommendations for concrete actions that can em...


Bernier, QuinnFranks PKristjanson, Patricia M.Neufeldt, HenryOtzelberger AFoster K[Addressing Gender in Climate-Smart Smallholder Agriculture]Addressing Gender in Climate-Smart Smallholder Agriculture

This brief addresses the major challenges and opportunities to financing climate change mitigation and adaptation pathways for smallholder farmers in developing nations. It underlines the need for an innovative and integrated approach to climate finance that can connect rural farmers to public an...


Foster KNeufeldt, HenryFranks PDiro, R.Munden, LAnand MWollenberg, Eva K.[Climate Finance for Agriculture and Livelihoods]Climate Finance for Agriculture and Livelihoods

This paper aims to understand the linkages between adaptive capacity and social protection within agroforestry contexts through a case study approach. It examines how elements of adaptive capacity which include assets, institutions, knowledge, innovation systems and governance, can support or be ...


Chaudhury, M.Ajayi, Oluyede C.Hellin, J.Neufeldt, Henry[Climate change adaptation and social protection in agroforestry systems: enhancing adaptive capacity and minimizing risk of drought in Zambia and Honduras]Climate change adaptation and social protection in agroforestry systems: enhancing adaptive capacity and minimizing risk of drought in Zambia and Honduras

Providing a detailed picture of the values of trees for local people in the tropics is a difficult undertaking. Not only does this represent the difficulty in accounting for values outside formal markets, but it also reflects the multiplicity of the species involved and the many different ways in...


Neufeldt, HenryDawson, Ian K.Luedeling, EikeAjayi, Oluyede C.Beedy, TracyGebrekirstos, AsterJamnadass, Ramni H.König, K.Sileshi, Gudeta W.Simelton, ElisabethSotelo Montes, CarmenWeber, John C.[Climate change vulnerability of agroforestry]Climate change vulnerability of agroforestry

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