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A method is described for calculating new infection incidence from monthly field data collected between April 1994 and February 1998 from an average of 770 Ethiopian Highland Zebu cattle maintained under traditional management in the Ghibe valley, southwest Ethiopia and exposed to a high challeng...


Rowlands, G.J.Leak, S.G.A.Peregrine, A.S.Nagda, S.M.Mulatu, W.D'Ieteren, G.D.M.[The incidence of new and the prevalence and persistence of recurrent trypanosome infections in cattle in southewest Ethiopia exposed to a high challenge with drug-resistant parasites]The incidence of new and the prevalence and persistence of recurrent trypanosome infections in cattle in southewest Ethiopia exposed to a high challenge with drug-resistant parasites

Ten trypanosome isolates were collected at random from cattle at Ghibe, Ethiopia, in February 1993 and all shown to be savannah-type Trypanosoma congolense. When inoculated into naive Boran (Bos indicus) calves, all 10 isolates were resistant to diminazene aceturate (Berenil), isometamidium chlor...


Mulugeta, W.Wilkes, J.Mulatu, W.Majiwa, P.A.O.Masake, R.Peregrine, A.S.[Long-term occurrence of Trypanosoma congolense resistant to diminazene, isometamidium and homidium in cattle at Ghibe, Ethiopia]Long-term occurrence of Trypanosoma congolense resistant to diminazene, isometamidium and homidium in cattle at Ghibe, Ethiopia

Control of trypanosomes in cattle, sheep and goats in endemic areas has depended largely on the use of chemotherapeutic or chemoprophylactic agents. One such agent is homidium. The normal use of homidium has been in the treatment of infections due to both Trypanosoma congolense and T.vivax in cat...


Murilla, G.A.Peregrine, A.S.Holmes, P.H.Eisler, M.C.Ndung'u, J.M.[Investigation into the effects of Trypanosoma congolense infections on the pharmacokinetics of Homidium in Boran cattle]Investigation into the effects of Trypanosoma congolense infections on the pharmacokinetics of Homidium in Boran cattle

Resistance to the drugs used to control African animal trypanosomosis is increasingly recognised as a constraint to livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. The most commonly used tests for detection of trypanocidal drug resistance are tests using mice or ruminants, but these suffer from lack ...


Eisler, M.C.Brandt, J.Bauer, B.Clausen, P.H.Delespaux, V.Holmes, P.H.Ilemobade, A.Machila, N.Mbwambo, H.McDermott, John J.Mehlitz, D.Murilla, G.Ndung'u, J.M.Peregrine, A.S.Sidibe, I.Sinyangwe, L.Geerts, S.[Standardised tests in mice and cattle for the detection of drug resistance in tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes of African domestic cattle]Standardised tests in mice and cattle for the detection of drug resistance in tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes of African domestic cattle

Two groups of five Boran (Bos indicus) cattle were infected with one of two populations of Trypanosoma congolense; one drug-sensitive (IL1180), and one drug-resistant (IL3330). The animals were then treated intramuscularly with homidium bromide at a dose rate of 1.0 mg kg - bodyweight 7 days afte...


Murilla, G.A.Peregrine, A.S.Ndung'u, J.M.Holmes, P.H.Eisler, M.C.[The effects of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Trypanosoma congolense infections on the pharmacokinetics of homidium in Boran cattle]The effects of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Trypanosoma congolense infections on the pharmacokinetics of homidium in Boran cattle

Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the determination of homidium in serum of treated cattle have been developed and evaluated. One is a direct competition (Assay 1) and the other an indirect competition assay (Assay 2). Both assays are highly sensitive with a limit of detection of...


Murilla, G.Eisler, M.C.Peregrine, A.S.Ndung'u, J.M.Holmes, P.H.[Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of the trypanocidal drug homidium in serum of treated cattle]Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of the trypanocidal drug homidium in serum of treated cattle

Pharmacokinetic studies on the trypanocidal drug homidium bromide using a competitive enzyme immunoassay (detection limit 0.1 ng/mL) are reported for non-infected Friesian and Boran steers following treatment with homidium bromide at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg b.w. Following intravenous (i.v.) treatment...


Murilla, G.Holmes, P.H.Peregrine, A.S.Eisler, M.C.Ndung'u, J.M.[Some pharmacokinetic parameters of the trypanocidal drug homidium bromide in Friesian and Boran steers using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]Some pharmacokinetic parameters of the trypanocidal drug homidium bromide in Friesian and Boran steers using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Control of trypanosomosis in cattle, sheep and goats in endemic areas has depended largely on the use of chemotherapeutic or chemoprophylactic agents. One such agent is homidium. The normal use of homidium has been in the treatment of infections due to both Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax in ...


Murilla, G.Peregrine, A.S.Holmes, P.H.Eisler, M.C.Ndung'u, J.M.[Investigation into the effects of Trypanosoma congolense infections on the pharmacokinetics of Homidium in Boran cattle]Investigation into the effects of Trypanosoma congolense infections on the pharmacokinetics of Homidium in Boran cattle

The FAO/IAEA Trypanosomiasis Direct Antigen-ELISA kit has been distributed to scientists holding research contracts under an IAEA Co-ordinated Research Programme in 14 sub-Saharan African countries. It is intended for improved diagnosis of bovine tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis as an aid to e...


Eisler, M.C.Lessard, P.Moloo, D.Masake, R.A.Peregrine, A.S.[Sensitivity and specificity of antigen-capture ELISAs for diagnosis of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax infections in cattle]Sensitivity and specificity of antigen-capture ELISAs for diagnosis of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax infections in cattle

Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis affects cattle production over approximately 10 million km2 of Africa. In these areas, trypanocidal drugs, both prophylactic and curative, are the most widely used methods of trypanosomosis control. However, resistance of trypanosomes to the 3 trypanocidal drugs ...


McDermott, John J.Coleman, P.G.Eisler, M.C.Peregrine, A.S.[The effects of resistance to trypanocidal drugs on trypanosome transmission]The effects of resistance to trypanocidal drugs on trypanosome transmission

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