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According to the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report, changes in the climate over the last 30 years have already reduced global agricultural production by 1 – 5 % per decade relative to a baseline without climate change. In addition, recent studies indicate that even a 2 degrees increase in global tem...


Dhanush, DBett, Bernard K.Boone, Randall B.Grace, DeliaKinyangi, JamesLindahl, Johanna F.Mohan, CVRamírez Villegas, JuliánRobinson, Timothy P.Rosenstock, Todd S.Smith, J.Thornton, Philip K.[Impact of climate change on African agriculture: focus on pests and diseases]Impact of climate change on African agriculture: focus on pests and diseases

Key messages ◼ The UNFCCC’s Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture creates an opening for agroforestry to take on an important role in Africa’s response to climate change. ◼ We reviewed measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of agroforestry under the United Nations Framework Convention on Cli...


Rosenstock, Todd S.Wilkes, AndreasJallo, CourtneyNamoi, NictorBulusu, MedhaMboi, Damaris[Making trees count in Africa: Improved MRV is needed to meet Africa’s agroforestry ambitions]Making trees count in Africa: Improved MRV is needed to meet Africa’s agroforestry ambitions

Key messages ◼ Many developing countries recognize that agroforestry offers benefits for both people and planet and have integrated it into national policy to help meet development and climate goals. ◼ Despite this interest, technical and institutional barriers often prevent trees outside forests...


Rosenstock, Todd S.Wilkes, AndreasJallo, CourtneyNamoi, NictorBulusu, MedhaSuber, MartaGurwick, Noel[Making trees count in non-Annex I countries: Measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of agroforestry in the UNFCCC]Making trees count in non-Annex I countries: Measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of agroforestry in the UNFCCC

Key messages ◼ Forty percent of developing countries plan to use agroforestry to meet climate and development goals, yet available systems for measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) are not capable of counting trees in agroforestry systems. ◼ Before agroforestry can become an important res...


Daniel, JamesTenneson, KarisSuber, MartaMulia, RachmatVan Tranh, PhanArango, JacoboRosenstock, Todd S.[Open- and crowd-sourced MRV for agroforestry?: Preliminary results and lessons learned from a pilot study using Collect Earth to identify agroforestry on multiple land uses in Viet Nam and Colombia]Open- and crowd-sourced MRV for agroforestry?: Preliminary results and lessons learned from a pilot study using Collect Earth to identify agroforestry on multiple land uses in Viet Nam and Colombia

The mixed crop-livestock systems of the developing world will become increasingly important for meeting the food security challenges of the coming decades. The synergies and trade-offs between food security, adaptation, and mitigation objectives are not well studied, however. Comprehensive evalua...


Thornton, Philip K.Rosenstock, Todd S.Förch, WiebkeLamanna, ChristineBell, PatrickHenderson, Benjamin B.Herrero, Mario T.[A Qualitative Evaluation of CSA Options in Mixed Crop-Livestock Systems in Developing Countries]A Qualitative Evaluation of CSA Options in Mixed Crop-Livestock Systems in Developing Countries

Growth in mobile phone access and ownership presents an opportunity to collect more data, more frequently, from more people, and for less money. There are multiple ways to collect data with mobile phones (SMS, voice calls, etc.), each with particular strengths and weaknesses. n The best mode of d...


Chesterman, SabrinaLamanna, ChristineKalamatianou, SofiaRosenstock, Todd S.[Collecting development data with mobile phones: Key considerations from a review of the evidence]Collecting development data with mobile phones: Key considerations from a review of the evidence

Conservation agriculture (CA) is promoted extensively to increase the productivity and environmental sustainability of maize production systems across sub-Saharan Africa and is often listed as a climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practice. However, the impacts of CA on food security, resilience/adap...


Kimaro, Anthony A.Mpanda, MathewRioux, J.Aynekulu, ErmiasShaba, S.Thiong'o, M.Mutuo PAbwanda, SheilaShepherd KNeufeldt, HenryRosenstock, Todd S.[Is conservation agriculture ‘climate-smart’ for maize farmers in the highlands of Tanzania?]Is conservation agriculture ‘climate-smart’ for maize farmers in the highlands of Tanzania?

Few field studies examine greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from African agricultural systems resulting in high uncertainty for national inventories. We provide here the most comprehensive study in Africa to date, examining annual CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions from 59 plots, across different vegetation...


Pelster, David E.Rufino, Mariana C.Rosenstock, Todd S.Mango, JoashSaiz, G.Díaz Pinés, EugenioBaldi, G.Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus[Smallholder African farms in western Kenya have limited greenhouse gas fluxes]Smallholder African farms in western Kenya have limited greenhouse gas fluxes

This book can be downloaded from the publisher's website. Agriculture in tropical developing countries produces about 7–9 % of annual anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and contributes to additional emissions through land-use change (Smith et al. 2014). At the same time, nearly 70 % of...


Rosenstock, Todd S.Rufino, Mariana C.Butterbach-Bahl, KlausWollenberg, Eva K.Richards, Meryl[Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances and Evaluating Mitigation Options in Smallholder Agriculture]Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances and Evaluating Mitigation Options in Smallholder Agriculture

Measurements of nutrient stocks and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes are typically collected at very local scales (<1 to 30 m2) and then extrapolated to estimate impacts at larger spatial extents (farms, landscapes, or even countries). Translating point measurements to higher levels of aggregation is ...


Rosenstock, Todd S.Rufino, Mariana C.Chirinda, NgonidzasheBussel, Lenny G. J. vanReidsma, PytrikButterbach-Bahl, Klaus[Scaling point and plot measurements of greenhouse gas fluxes, balances, and intensities to whole farms and landscapes]Scaling point and plot measurements of greenhouse gas fluxes, balances, and intensities to whole farms and landscapes

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