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Although REDD+ is approaching its 10th anniversary, major impacts in terms of reduced forest loss are hard to document. Conservation practitioners and scholars are therefore increasingly asking why REDD+ has not delivered more tangible results. A recent Comment in Conservation Biology by Fletcher...


Angelsen, ArildBrockhaus, MariaDuchelle, Amy E.Larson, AnneMartius, ChristopherSunderlin, William D.Verchot, Louis V.Wong, GraceWunder, Sven[Learning from REDD+: a response to Fletcher et al.]Learning from REDD+: a response to Fletcher et al.

This chapter uses an historical case study approach to convey some sense of the kinds of research social scientists do at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). It describes CIFOR's work in developing criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management, which led to the cre...


Colfer, C.J.P.Dounias, E.Goloubinoff, M.López, C.Sunderlin, William D.[Understanding forests-people links: the voice of social scientists]Understanding forests-people links: the voice of social scientists

Previous studies of deforestation have focused on agriculture, population and migration, timber exploitation, macroeconomic policies and geographic factors to explain the variability of deforestation rates among countries. This study tests the hypothesis that countries with a high proportion of p...


Sunderlin, William D.Wunder, Sven[The influence of mineral exports on the variability of tropical deforestation]The influence of mineral exports on the variability of tropical deforestation

The rate of forest cover loss in the humid tropics of Cameroon is one of the highest in Central Africa. The aim of the large-scale, two-year research project described here was to understand the effect of the country's economic crisis and policy change on small-scale agricultural systems and land...


Sunderlin, William D.Ndoye, O.Bikie, H.Laporte, N.Mertens, B.Pokam, J.[Economic crisis, small-scale agriculture, and forest cover change in Southern Cameroon]Economic crisis, small-scale agriculture, and forest cover change in Southern Cameroon

In the growing literature at the interface of rural livelihood improvement and conservation of natural forests, two overarching issues stand out: (1) How and to what extent use of forest resources do and can contribute to poverty alleviation and (2) How and to what extent poverty alleviation and ...


Sunderlin, William D.Angelsen, A.Belcher, B.Burgess, P.Nasi, RobertSantoso, L.Wunder, Sven[Livelihoods, forests, and conservation in developing countries: an overview]Livelihoods, forests, and conservation in developing countries: an overview
Tomich, Thomas P.Cattaneo, AndreaChater, S.Geist, H.J.Gockowski, J.Kaimowitz, D.Lambin, E.F.Lewis, J.Ndoye, O.Palm, C.A.Stolle, F.Sunderlin, William D.Valentim, J.F.Noordwijk, Meine vanVosti, S.A.[Balancing agricultural development and environmental objectives: assessing tradeoffs in the humid tropics]Balancing agricultural development and environmental objectives: assessing tradeoffs in the humid tropics

REDD+ projects require an impact assessment approach to estimate emissions and removals; for REDD+ to succeed we need information on this and the associated 3E+ outcomes. There are few examples of rigorous impact assessment in the conservation, avoided deforestation and payments for environmental...


Jagger, P.Atmadja, S.Pattanayak, S.K.Sills, E.Sunderlin, William D.[Learning while doing: Evaluating impacts of REDD+ projects]Learning while doing: Evaluating impacts of REDD+ projects

A preliminary insight into how structural adjustment policies (SAPs) may have affected deforestation and forest degradation in the lowland tropical forests of Bolivia, Cameroon and Indonesia. It presents tentative hypotheses regarding how changes in prices, costs, incomes and government services ...


Kaimowitz, D.Erwidodo.Ndoye, O.Pacheco, P.Balanza, P.P.Sunderlin, William D.[Considering the impact of structural adjustment policies on forests in Bolivia, Cameroon and Indonesia]Considering the impact of structural adjustment policies on forests in Bolivia, Cameroon and Indonesia

This paper explains the ways in which, and the extent to which, public policy measures might be used to reduce inappropriate tropical deforestation.Inappropriate deforestation is a signifanct problem: 1. deforestation generally causes negative externalities that generate cost to society not refle...


Kaimowitz, D.Byron, R.N.Sunderlin, William D.[Public policies to reduce inappropriate tropical deforestation]Public policies to reduce inappropriate tropical deforestation

The massive loss of quantity and quality of natural forest cover in Indonesia threatens an important source of foreign exchange and employment. Several studies and government policies indicate that population growth, particularly among small landholders, is the principal cause of deforestation. A...


Sunderlin, William D.Resosudarmo, I.A.P.[The Effect of population and migration on forest cover in Indonesia]The Effect of population and migration on forest cover in Indonesia

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