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The role of livestock in nitrogen cycling in mixed crop-livestock farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa was explored. Cattle were fed a range of diets to investigate the effects on partitioning of nitrogen between urine and faeces and on the chemical composition of the manures produced. The trade...


Delve, Robert J.Cadisch, GeorgTanner, J.C.Thorpe, W.R.Thorne, Peter J.Giller, Ken E.[Implications of livestock feeding management on soil fertility in the smallholder farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa]Implications of livestock feeding management on soil fertility in the smallholder farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa

Information is needed on the biophysical and economic rationale for labour-demanding (and therefore, expensive) backyard animal rearing systems on smallholdings in the uplands of Java where livestock have been an integral part of highly intensive agriculture for centuries. The occurrence of high ...


Tanner, J.C.Holden, S.J.Owen, E.Winugroho, M.Gill, M.[Livestock sustaining intensive smallholder crop production through traditional feeding practices for generating high quality manure-compost in upland Java]Livestock sustaining intensive smallholder crop production through traditional feeding practices for generating high quality manure-compost in upland Java

Three hundred mixed, smallholder farms in Kariti location, Kandara Division, Maragua District, Central Kenya, were surveyed. Dairy cattle management practices, including type of animal enclosure, roofing, floor type, drainage, use of bedding, feeding of concentrates; and manure management pract...


Lekasi, J.K.Tanner, J.C.Kimani, S.K.Harris, P.J.C.[Cattle manure quality in Maragua District, central Kenya: Effect of management practices and development of simple methods of assessment]Cattle manure quality in Maragua District, central Kenya: Effect of management practices and development of simple methods of assessment

Developing countries continue to face the challenge of increasing poverty and depleting asset base of their predominantly rural populations. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) alone, over 70% of the population now live below the poverty line, and in South Asia the number of poor people exceeds 500 milli...


Kebreab, E.Smith, T.Tanner, J.C.Osuji, P.O.[Review of undernutrition in smallholder ruminant production systems in the tropics]Review of undernutrition in smallholder ruminant production systems in the tropics

Maize was planted at two, three or four seeds per hole with uniform spacing and either the smallest plant (S) or the second largest plant (L) was thinned from each hole after 8 and 14 weeks from the four seed plots and after 14 weeks for the three seed plots. Two plants per hole were left to matu...


Methu, J.N.Owen, E.Tanner, J.C.Abate, A.L.[The effect of increasing planting density and thinning on forage and grain yield of maize in Kenyan smallholdings]The effect of increasing planting density and thinning on forage and grain yield of maize in Kenyan smallholdings

Baltenweck, IsabelleStaal, Steven J.Owango, M.O.Muriuki, H.Lukuyu, Ben A.Gichungu, G.Kenyanjui, M.Njubi, D.Tanner, J.C.Thorpe, W.R.[Intensification and competitiveness of smallholder dairy production systems in the greater Nairobi Milk-Shed]Intensification and competitiveness of smallholder dairy production systems in the greater Nairobi Milk-Shed

A survey was conducted to determine the sources and delivery of technical information to smallholder dairy farmers in Kiambu District. Sixty-three farmers in three wealth groups (rich, medium, poor) of 21 farmers each from three different locations, were selected at random from maps drawn by comm...


Wambugu, M.Wahome, R.G.Gachuiri, C.Kaitho, R.Omore, Amos O.Tanner, J.C.[Delivery of technical information to smallholder dairy farmers in Kiambu District]Delivery of technical information to smallholder dairy farmers in Kiambu District

A survey was conducted to evaluate the use of Milk Urea Nitrogen as an indicator of nutrition status of lactating animals. Twenty-seven animals in a randomly selected sample of 21 farms in Kiambu District were monitored for nutritional status for 12 weeks. Fortnightly records were taken on feed o...


Wambugu, M.Wahome, R.G.Gachuiri, C.Tanner, J.C.Kaitho, R.[Evaluation of the use of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) as an indicator of nutritional status of dairy cattle in smallholder farms in Kiambu district]Evaluation of the use of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) as an indicator of nutritional status of dairy cattle in smallholder farms in Kiambu district

A key characteristic of the provision of feed resources under staff feeding conditions in many smallholder systems is a high degree of variability in the types and quantities of feeds used. Striking seasonal patterns have been widely observed (e.g. Gatenby et al, 1989). However, their consequence...


Thorne, Peter J.Tanner, J.C.Gurung, H.B.[Patterns in the provision of feed resources for stall-fed ruminant livestock in the Nepal Himalaya]Patterns in the provision of feed resources for stall-fed ruminant livestock in the Nepal Himalaya

In European dairy herds lactation curves are conventionally described by a gamma function such as that of Wood (1969). High yields in early lactation mean that more frequent calving leads to increased annual milk production (AMP) per cow. Thus, the optimum calving interval in the UK is 365 days (...


Tanner, J.C.McCarthy, N.A.Omore, Amos O.[Why shorten calving intervals on smallholder dairy farms in East Africa?]Why shorten calving intervals on smallholder dairy farms in East Africa?

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