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The current Infection and Treatment Method of vaccination against East Coast fever comprises an inoculation of live Theileria parva sporozoites and simultaneous administration of oxytetracycline. Immunization with a combination of parasite types has been shown to provide broader protection than i...


Patel, EktaLubembe, D.M.Gachanja, J.Mwaura, S.Spooner, P.R.Toye, Philip G.[Molecular characterization of live Theileria parva sporozoite vaccine stabilates reveals extensive genotypic diversity]Molecular characterization of live Theileria parva sporozoite vaccine stabilates reveals extensive genotypic diversity

Thumbi, S.M.Bronsvoort, B.M. de C.Poole, Elizabeth J.Kiara, Henry K.Toye, Philip G.Ndila, M.Conradie, I.Jennings, A.Handel, I.G.Coetzer, J.A.W.Hanotte, Olivier H.Woolhouse, Mark E.J.[Parasite co-infections show synergistic and antagonistic interactions on growth performance of East African zebu cattle under one year]Parasite co-infections show synergistic and antagonistic interactions on growth performance of East African zebu cattle under one year

In natural populations, individuals may be infected with multiple distinct pathogens at a time. These pathogens may act independently or interact with each other and the host through various mechanisms, with resultant varying outcomes on host health and survival. To study effects of pathogens and...


Thumbi, S.M.Bronsvoort, B.M. de C.Poole, Elizabeth J.Kiara, Henry K.Toye, Philip G.Mbole-Kariuki, Mary N.Conradie, I.Jennings, A.Handel, I.G.Coetzer, J.A.W.Steyl, J.C.A.Hanotte, Olivier H.Woolhouse, Mark E.J.[Parasite co-infections and their impact on survival of indigenous cattle]Parasite co-infections and their impact on survival of indigenous cattle

The presence of bluetongue virus (BTV) and Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease virus (EHDV) in indigenous calves in western Kenya was investigated. Serum was analysed for BTV and EHDV antibodies. The population seroprevalences for BTV and EHDV for calves at 51 weeks of age were estimated to be 0.942 (...


Toye, Philip G.Batten, C.A.Kiara, Henry K.Henstock, M.R.Edwards, L.Thumbi, S.M.Poole, Elizabeth J.Handel, I.G.Bronsvoort, B.M. de C.Hanotte, Olivier H.Coetzer, J.A.W.Woolhouse, Mark E.J.Oura, C.A.L.[Bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in local breeds of cattle in Kenya]Bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in local breeds of cattle in Kenya

T cell responses contribute to immunity against many intracellular infections. There is, for example, strong evidence that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an essential role in mediating immunity to East Coast fever (ECF), a fatal lymph...


Nene, VishvanathSvitek, NicholasToye, Philip G.Golde, W.T.Barlow, J.Buus, SorenNielsen, Morten[Designing bovine T cell vaccines via reverse immunology]Designing bovine T cell vaccines via reverse immunology

We have developed an immunochromatographic test for the diagnosis of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) under field conditions. The diagnostic assay has been tested in the laboratory and also under field conditions in Ivory Coast, Pakistan, Ethiopia and Uganda. The test is carried out on a superfic...


Baron, J.Fishbourne, E.Couacy-Hyman, E.Abubakar, M.Jones, B.A.Frost, L.Herbert, R.Chibssa, T.R.Klooster, G. van'tAfzal, M.Ayebazibwe, C.Toye, Philip G.Bashiruddin, J.Baron, M.D.[Development and testing of a field diagnostic assay for peste des petits ruminants virus]Development and testing of a field diagnostic assay for peste des petits ruminants virus

The passive transfer of antibodies from dams to offspring via colostrum is believed to play an important role in protecting neonatal mammals from infectious disease. The study presented here investigates the uptake of colostrum by 548 calves in western Kenya maintained under smallholder farming, ...


Toye, Philip G.Handel, I.Gray, J.Kiara, Henry K.Thumbi, S.M.Jennings, A.Wyk, I.C. vanNdila, M.Hanotte, Olivier H.Coetzer, K.Woolhouse, Mark E.J.Bronsvoort, B.M. de C.[Maternal antibody uptake, duration and influence on survival and growth rate in a cohort of indigenous calves in a smallholder farming system in western Kenya]Maternal antibody uptake, duration and influence on survival and growth rate in a cohort of indigenous calves in a smallholder farming system in western Kenya

The accurate estimation of livestock weights is important for many aspects of livestock management including nutrition, production and appropriate dosing of pharmaceuticals. Subtherapeutic dosing has been shown to accelerate pathogen resistance which can have subsequent widespread impacts. There ...


Lesosky, M.Dumas, S.Conradie, I.Handel, I.G.Jennings, A.Thumbi, S.M.Toye, Philip G.Bronsvoort, B.M. de C.[A live weight-heart girth relationship for accurate dosing of east African shorthorn zebu cattle]A live weight-heart girth relationship for accurate dosing of east African shorthorn zebu cattle

The protozoan parasite Theileria parva causes a usually fatal disease in cattle, known as East Coast fever. Cattle can be vaccinated by injecting live parasites simultaneously with long acting oxytetracycline (the Infection and Treatment Method, ITM). The immunity induced by ITM is believed to be...


Steinaa, LucillaSaya, R.Awino, EliasToye, Philip G.[Cytotoxic T lymphocytes from cattle immunized against Theileria parva exhibit pronounced cross-reactivity among different strain-specific epitopes of the Tp1 antigen]Cytotoxic T lymphocytes from cattle immunized against Theileria parva exhibit pronounced cross-reactivity among different strain-specific epitopes of the Tp1 antigen

Integrative management of wildlife and livestock requires a clear understanding of the diseases transmitted between the two populations. The tick-borne protozoan parasite Theileria parva causes two distinct diseases in cattle, East Coast fever and Corridor disease, following infection with parasi...


Sitt, T.Poole, Elizabeth J.Ndambuki, Gideon M.Mwaura, S.Njoroge, T.Omondi, G.P.Mutinda, M.Mathenge, J.Prettejohn, G.Morrison, W. IvanToye, Philip G.[Exposure of vaccinated and naive cattle to natural challenge from buffalo-derived Theileria parva]Exposure of vaccinated and naive cattle to natural challenge from buffalo-derived Theileria parva

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