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Sitta, TatjanaHenson, Sonal P.Morrison, W. IvanToye, Philip G.[Similar levels of diversity in the gene encoding the p67 sporozoite surface protein of Theileria parva are observed in blood samples from buffalo and cattle naturally infected from buffalo]Similar levels of diversity in the gene encoding the p67 sporozoite surface protein of Theileria parva are observed in blood samples from buffalo and cattle naturally infected from buffalo

An infection and treatment protocol is used to vaccinate cattle against Theileria parva infection. Due to incomplete cross-protection between different parasite isolates, a mixture of three isolates, termed the Muguga cocktail, is used for vaccination. While vaccination of cattle in some regions ...


Hemmink, J.D.Weir, W.MacHugh, Niall D.Graham, S.P.Patel, EktaPaxton, E.Shiels, B.Toye, Philip G.Morrison, W. IvanPelle, Roger[Limited genetic and antigenic diversity within parasite isolates used in a live vaccine against Theileria parva]Limited genetic and antigenic diversity within parasite isolates used in a live vaccine against Theileria parva

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess whether cytotoxic T cells (CTL) generated by the live vaccine, known as “ITM Muguga cocktail”, which is used for the cattle disease East Cost fever (ECF) in Sub-Saharan Africa, showed a broad reactivity against many different strains of the ca...


Steinaa, LucillaSvitek, NicholasAwino, EliasSaya, RosemaryToye, Philip G.[Cytotoxic T lymphocytes from cattle sharing the same MHC class I haplotype and immunized with live Theileria parva sporozoites differ in antigenic specificity]Cytotoxic T lymphocytes from cattle sharing the same MHC class I haplotype and immunized with live Theileria parva sporozoites differ in antigenic specificity

The research objective was to develop a thermostable vaccine against peste des petits ruminants (PPR), a morbilliviral disease of small ruminants targeted for eradication that is a major constraint on the livelihoods of the rural poor throughout much of Africa and Asia. Although existing PPR vacc...


Mariner, Jeffrey C.Gachanja, J.Tindih, H.S.Toye, Philip G.[A thermostable presentation of the live, attenuated peste des petits ruminants vaccine in use in Africa and Asia]A thermostable presentation of the live, attenuated peste des petits ruminants vaccine in use in Africa and Asia

The current Infection and Treatment Method of vaccination against East Coast fever comprises an inoculation of live Theileria parva sporozoites and simultaneous administration of oxytetracycline. Immunization with a combination of parasite types has been shown to provide broader protection than i...


Patel, EktaLubembe, D.M.Gachanja, J.Mwaura, S.Spooner, P.R.Toye, Philip G.[Molecular characterization of live Theileria parva sporozoite vaccine stabilates reveals extensive genotypic diversity]Molecular characterization of live Theileria parva sporozoite vaccine stabilates reveals extensive genotypic diversity

T cell responses contribute to immunity against many intracellular infections. There is, for example, strong evidence that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an essential role in mediating immunity to East Coast fever (ECF), a fatal lymph...


Nene, VishvanathSvitek, NicholasToye, Philip G.Golde, W.T.Barlow, J.Buus, SorenNielsen, Morten[Designing bovine T cell vaccines via reverse immunology]Designing bovine T cell vaccines via reverse immunology

The protozoan parasite Theileria parva causes a usually fatal disease in cattle, known as East Coast fever. Cattle can be vaccinated by injecting live parasites simultaneously with long acting oxytetracycline (the Infection and Treatment Method, ITM). The immunity induced by ITM is believed to be...


Steinaa, LucillaSaya, R.Awino, EliasToye, Philip G.[Cytotoxic T lymphocytes from cattle immunized against Theileria parva exhibit pronounced cross-reactivity among different strain-specific epitopes of the Tp1 antigen]Cytotoxic T lymphocytes from cattle immunized against Theileria parva exhibit pronounced cross-reactivity among different strain-specific epitopes of the Tp1 antigen
Sitt, T.Pelle, RogerChepkwony, M.C.Morrison, W. IvanToye, Philip G.[Theileria parva antigens recognized by CD8+ T cells show varying degrees of diversity in buffalo-derived infected cell lines]Theileria parva antigens recognized by CD8+ T cells show varying degrees of diversity in buffalo-derived infected cell lines
Patel, EktaMwaura, StephenGiulio, Giuseppe diCook, Elizabeth A.J.Lynen, GodelieveToye, Philip G.[Infection and treatment method (ITM) vaccine against East Coast fever: Reducing the number of doses per straw for use in smallholder dairy herds by thawing, diluting and refreezing already packaged vaccine]Infection and treatment method (ITM) vaccine against East Coast fever: Reducing the number of doses per straw for use in smallholder dairy herds by thawing, diluting and refreezing already packaged vaccine

Toye, Philip G.Ballantyne, Peter G.[Improving the infection and treatment method vaccine for East Coast fever]Improving the infection and treatment method vaccine for East Coast fever

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