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Estimating the incomes of people whose livelihoods depend on the forests is a key to understanding their well being and the use of the forest. Yet there has been little agreement about the methods to undertake such assessment. This paper reviews the strengths and weaknesses of the methods availab...


Wollenberg, Eva K.Nawir, A.A.[Estimating the incomes of people who depend on forests]Estimating the incomes of people who depend on forests

This chapter concludes from a study of the impacts of forest devolution policies in China, India and the Philippines that devolution has had significant impacts, but mostly on increasing forest cover. Changes in livelihoods were mixed, and control over forests was little changed. In some cases, d...


Edmunds, D.Wollenberg, Eva K.Contreras, A.P.Liu DachangKelkar, G.Nathan, D.Sarin, M.Singh, N.M.[Local forest management: conclusion]Local forest management: conclusion
Wollenberg, Eva K.Iwan, R.Limberg, G.Moeliono, M.Sudana, I.M.Uluk, A.Anau, N.Heist, M. van[From participation to partnership: devolution, forest communities and CIFOR in Malinau, Indonesia]From participation to partnership: devolution, forest communities and CIFOR in Malinau, Indonesia
Chokkalingam, U.Sabogal C.Almeida, E.Carandang, A.P.Gumartini, T.Jong, W. deBrienza, S.Meza Lopez, A.MurniatiNawir, A.A.Wibowo, L.R.Toma, T.Wollenberg, Eva K.Zhou Zaichi[Local participation, livelihood needs, and institutional arrangements: three keys to sustainable rehabilitation of degraded tropical forest lands]Local participation, livelihood needs, and institutional arrangements: three keys to sustainable rehabilitation of degraded tropical forest lands

This chapter synthesizes results from case studies of the effects of devolution policies on the management of forests in three Asian countries, China, India and the Philippines. It also seeks to explain the disappointing impacts of forest devolution policies in terms of the divergent interests an...


Edmunds, D.Wollenberg, Eva K.[Whose devolution is it anyway? divergent constructs, interests and capacities between the poorest forest users and states]Whose devolution is it anyway? divergent constructs, interests and capacities between the poorest forest users and states
Wollenberg, Eva K.Moeliono, M.Limberg, G.[Antara negara dan masyarakat: desentralisasi di Indonesia]Antara negara dan masyarakat: desentralisasi di Indonesia
Wollenberg, Eva K.Iwan, R.Limberg, G.Moeliono, M.Rhee, S.Sudana, I.M.[Muddling towards cooperation: spontaneous orders and shared learning in Malinau district, Indonesia]Muddling towards cooperation: spontaneous orders and shared learning in Malinau district, Indonesia

Community forest management worldwide has involved diverse types and varying levels of success in social learning, yet little efforts has been made to analyze these experiences and link them to emerging social learning theory. This chapter is a synthesis of the contributions of the workshop parti...


Buck, L.Wollenberg, Eva K.Edmunds, D.[Social learning in the collaborative management of community forests: lessons from the field]Social learning in the collaborative management of community forests: lessons from the field

CIFOR facilitated 27 communities in the Upper Malinau watershed to develop agreements about their village boundaries and map them through participatory methods. Decentralization reforms created new values of forest resources and uncertainties that increased conflict over local resources. We repor...


Anau, N.Iwan, R.Heist, M. vanLimberg, G.Sudana, I.M.Wollenberg, Eva K.[Negotiating more than boundaries: conflict, power, and agreement building in the demarcation of village borders in Malinau]Negotiating more than boundaries: conflict, power, and agreement building in the demarcation of village borders in Malinau

This case study covers work in the Malinau catchment in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, a vast area of primary and secondary forest with scattered villages. The project has evolved to focus on key factors underlying poverty and forest loss. Inappropriate harvesting is reducing biodiversity, limiting ...


Campbell, Bruce M.Gunarso, P.Kartawinata, K.Levang, P.Rhee, S.Sheil, DouglasSist, P.Wollenberg, Eva K.[Empowering forest dwellers and managing forests more sustainably in the landscapes of Borneo]Empowering forest dwellers and managing forests more sustainably in the landscapes of Borneo

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