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The EU Renewable Energy Directive (EU-RED) abandons the Kyoto Protocol restriction of responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions to those occurring within national borders, it makes EU bioenergy users responsible for supply-chain emissions throughout the world. However, problems arise from the E...


Pena, N.Bird, N.Frieden, D.Zanchi, G.[Conquering space and time: the challenge of emissions from land use change]Conquering space and time: the challenge of emissions from land use change

Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, carbon dioxide emissions from bioenergy are counted as carbon stock losses in the land use sector rather than in the energy sector. This method omits many emissions since many nations that source biomass for bioenergy do not have gr...


Pena, N.Bird, D.N.Zanchi, G.[Improved methods for carbon accounting for bioenergy: descriptions and evaluations]Improved methods for carbon accounting for bioenergy: descriptions and evaluations

Forests are sources of biomass that can be used to create forest-based bioenergy, whether directly by establishing energy plantations on non-forestland, by using existing forest resources or by using residues from harvesting for nonbioenergy purposes. If created in a sustainable manner, this bioe...


Bird, D.N.Pena, N.Schwaiger, H.Zanchi, G.[Review of existing methods for carbon accounting]Review of existing methods for carbon accounting

Accounting for bioenergy's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, as done under the Kyoto Protocol (KP) and European Union (EU) Emissions Trading Scheme, fails to capture the full extent of these emissions. As a consequence, other approaches have been suggested. Both the EU and United States already use...


Bird, D.N.Pena, N.Zanchi, G.[Zero, one, or in between: Evaluation of alternative national and entity-level accounting for bioenergy]Zero, one, or in between: Evaluation of alternative national and entity-level accounting for bioenergy

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 methodologies commonly underpin project-scale carbon accounting for changes in land use and management and are used in frameworks for Life Cycle Assessment and carbon footprinting of food and energy crops. These methodologies were intended f...


Smith, PeteDavies, C.A.Ogle, S.Zanchi, G.Bellarby, J.Bird, N.Boddey, Robert M.McNamara, N.P.Powlson, David S.Cowie, A.Noordwijk, Meine vanDavis, S.C.Richter, D.D.B.Kryzanowski, L.Wijk, Mark T. vanStuart, J.Kirton, A.Eggar, D.Newton-Cross, G.Adhya, T.K.Braimoh, A.K.[Towards an integrated global framework to assess the impacts of land use and management change on soil carbon: Current capability and future vision]Towards an integrated global framework to assess the impacts of land use and management change on soil carbon: Current capability and future vision

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