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Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections caused 4.98 million years live with disability globally in 2014, mostly affecting the poor. When farmers handle excreta for reuse in agriculture, involuntary ingestion of excreta particles is an important infection pathway for STH infections. The aim of ...


Tu Van VuPhuc Duc PhamWinkler, M.S.Zurbrugg, C.Zinsstag, JakobBich Huu TranHung Nguyen-Viet[Estimation of involuntary excreta ingestion rates in farmers during agricultural practices in Vietnam]Estimation of involuntary excreta ingestion rates in farmers during agricultural practices in Vietnam

We studied the health risks related to wastewater and excreta reuse in an agricultural community in northern Vietnam, with a focus on intestinal parasitic infections and diarrhoeal diseases. Several epidemiological studies were conducted to assess the relative importance of exposure to wastew...


Phuc Pham DucHung Nguyen-VietZurbrugg, C.Zinsstag, JakobCam Dac PhungHattendorf, J.Odermatt, P.[Health risks associated with the use of wastewater and excreta in agriculture in northern Vietnam]Health risks associated with the use of wastewater and excreta in agriculture in northern Vietnam

Objectives We studied the influence of different additive materials (lime, and rice husk) and aeration conditions on Ascaris lumbricoides egg die-off in 24 vaults of an experimental excreta storage unit. Methods Excreta samples were collected once every two weeks over a 181-day period. Tempera...


Tu Vu-VanPhuc Pham DucWinkler, M.S.Zurbrugg, C.Zinsstag, JakobHuong Le Thi ThanhTran Huu BichHung Nguyen-Viet[Ascaris lumbricoides egg die-off in an experimental excreta storage system and public health implication in Vietnam]Ascaris lumbricoides egg die-off in an experimental excreta storage system and public health implication in Vietnam

Objectives The aim of this paper was to assess the diarrhea risks caused by various pathogens among those exposed to biogas wastewater through different activities. Methods Application of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of biogas wastewater was conducted in Hanam Province, Vietna...


Thu Le-ThiPhuc Pham DucZurbrugg, C.Toan Luu-QuocHuong Nguyen-MaiTu Vu-VanHung Nguyen-Viet[Diarrhea risks by exposure to livestock waste in Vietnam using quantitative microbial risk assessment]Diarrhea risks by exposure to livestock waste in Vietnam using quantitative microbial risk assessment

The incidence of diarrhoea was monitored and the risk factors for diarrhoea were identified in the rural community of Hanam, Vietnam, over a period of one year. Compared to adults without direct contact to wastewater and excreta during their agricultural activities, those in direct contact had a ...


Phuc Pham DucHung Nguyen-VietHattendorf, J.Zinsstag, JakobZurbrugg, C.Phung Dac CamOdermatt, P.[Diarrhoeal disease related to agricultural wastewater and excreta use in Vietnam]Diarrhoeal disease related to agricultural wastewater and excreta use in Vietnam

BACKGROUND: Despite the potential health risks of wastewater and excreta use as fertiliser in agriculture, it is still widespread in Vietnam. However, the importance of diarrheal risk in adults' associated with the combined exposures to both excreta and wastewater use in agriculture is largely un...


Phuc Pham DucHung Nguyen-VietHattendorf, J.Cam Dac PhungZurbrugg, C.Zinsstag, JakobOdermatt, P.[Diarrhoeal diseases among adult population in an agricultural community Hanam province, Vietnam, with high wastewater and excreta re-use]Diarrhoeal diseases among adult population in an agricultural community Hanam province, Vietnam, with high wastewater and excreta re-use

Poor wastewater management that results from a lack of appropriate sanitation infrastructure contributes to increasing health risks in urban areas in Côte d’Ivoire. We assessed the health risks associated with the use of wastewater for watering salad destined for human consumption, to help local ...


Kouamé, P.K.Hung Nguyen-VietDongo, K.Zurbrugg, C.Biémi, J.Bonfoh, Bassirou[Microbiological risk infection assessment using QMRA in agriculture systems in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa]Microbiological risk infection assessment using QMRA in agriculture systems in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa

Equitable access to urban sanitation services is necessary for populations’ welfare and well-being and is one of the Millennium Development Goals. This study highlights how the lack of access to urban waste management infrastructure and services impacts human health and the environment.


Parfait, K.Kouassi, D.Hung Nguyen-VietZurbrugg, C.Bonfoh, BassirouJean, B.[Environmental and health impacts of urban sanitation services in Côte d’Ivoire]Environmental and health impacts of urban sanitation services in Côte d’Ivoire

Human excreta are rich in plant nutrients, so many farmers in Vietnam use them to fertilize their crops and in raising fish. But they also contain dangerous pathogens: bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and the eggs of intestinal parasites. Exposure can pose a health risk to farmers, their families, as...


Phuc Pham DucHung Nguyen-VietVu Van TuZurbrugg, C.Zinsstag, Jakob[The Vietnamese double-vault composting latrine: Fertilizer source or health risk?]The Vietnamese double-vault composting latrine: Fertilizer source or health risk?

Are the current practices of handling human excreta for agricultural purposes by farmers in Vietnam good enough?This study set up an excreta storage experiment to research how to inactivate Ascaris lumbricoides eggs and stillmaintain the nutrient value of human excreta.


Vu Van TuPhuc Pham DucHung Nguyen-VietZurbrugg, C.Huu Bich, T.Zinsstag, Jakob[Helminth eggs die-off and nutrients: Human excreta storage experiment]Helminth eggs die-off and nutrients: Human excreta storage experiment

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