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The first visible response in livestock to the bite of a trypanosome-infected tsetse fly is the formation of a localized skin reaction, also known as a chancre. This is an inflammatory response in the skin associated with swelling and an influx of cells. It is thought to be associated with an a...


Naessens, JanMwangi, D.M.Buza, J.Moloo, S.K.[Local skin reaction (chancre) induced following inoculation of metacyclic trypanosomes in cattle by tsetse flies is dependent on CD4 T lymphocytes]Local skin reaction (chancre) induced following inoculation of metacyclic trypanosomes in cattle by tsetse flies is dependent on CD4 T lymphocytes

Development of anaemia in inflammatory diseases is cytokine-mediated. Specifically, the levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), produced by activated macrophages, are correlated with severity of disease and anaemia in infections and chronic disease. In African trypanosomiasis, anaemia...


Naessens, JanKitani, H.Nakamura, Y.Yagi, Y.Sekikawa, K.Iraqi, F.A.[TNF-alpha mediates the development of anaemia in a murine Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection, but not the anaemia associated with a murine Trypanosoma congolense infection]TNF-alpha mediates the development of anaemia in a murine Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection, but not the anaemia associated with a murine Trypanosoma congolense infection

C57BL/6 mice deficient in one or two copies of the gene for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were more susceptible to Trypanosoma congolense infection than their resistant, wild-type counterparts. The number of TNF-alpha genes was correlated with the capacity to control parasitaemia and ...


Naessens, JanKitani, H.Momotani, E.Sekikawa, K.Nthale, J.M.Iraqi, F.A.[Susceptibility of TNF-alpha-deficient mice to Trypanosoma congolense is not due to a defective antibody response]Susceptibility of TNF-alpha-deficient mice to Trypanosoma congolense is not due to a defective antibody response
Naessens, JanWilliams, D.J.L.[Characterization and measurement of CD5+ B cells in normal and Trypanosoma congolense- infected cattle]Characterization and measurement of CD5+ B cells in normal and Trypanosoma congolense- infected cattle
Dwinger, R.H.Luckins, G.Murray, M.Rae, P.Moloo, S.K.[Interference between different serodemes of Trypanosoma congolense in the establishment of superinfections in goats following transmission by tsetse]Interference between different serodemes of Trypanosoma congolense in the establishment of superinfections in goats following transmission by tsetse
Morrison, W. IvanMurray, M.[The role of humoral immune responses in determining susceptibility of A/J and C57BL/6 mice to infection with Trypanosoma congolense]The role of humoral immune responses in determining susceptibility of A/J and C57BL/6 mice to infection with Trypanosoma congolense

Examines the development and the ultrastructural and histological distribution of Trypanosoma congolense, T Vivax and T brucei in the skin of goats in Kenya, after the animals were bitten by infected Glossina morsitans centralis.


Dwinger, R.H.Murray, M.[Development of Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei in the skin reaction induced in goats by infected Glossina morsitans centralis: A light and electron microscopical study]Development of Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei in the skin reaction induced in goats by infected Glossina morsitans centralis: A light and electron microscopical study
Andrianarivo, A.G.Muiya, P.McOdimba, F.A.Gettinby, G.Logan-Henfrey, L.L.[Kinetics of haemopoietic progenitor cell during a Trypanosoma congolense rechallenge infection in Boran cattle]Kinetics of haemopoietic progenitor cell during a Trypanosoma congolense rechallenge infection in Boran cattle
Authié, E.Muteti, D.K.Williams, D.J.L.[Antibody responses to invariant antigens of Trypanosoma congolense in cattle of differing susceptibility to trypanosomiasis]Antibody responses to invariant antigens of Trypanosoma congolense in cattle of differing susceptibility to trypanosomiasis

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