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In this final section we will discuss the interrelationships among people, trees and local climate (the inner circle of the diagram), and all the surrounding issues at national and international levels, and then relate our current understanding and knowledge of these interrelations to opportuniti...


Leimona BNoordwijk, Meine vanJoshi, LaxmanCatacutan, D.Yatich, T.Dietz, JohannesMwangi HGathenya JMMuthuri CSinclair, Fergus L.Bhattarai, S.Onyango, LeahSuyantoKalinganire, AntoineNoordin QBayala, JulesGebrekirstos, AsterTscherning KDuque Piñon, C.[Supporting multifunctionality through realistic, conditional and voluntary actions to enhance trees as source of environmental services]Supporting multifunctionality through realistic, conditional and voluntary actions to enhance trees as source of environmental services

This book focuses on the relationship between climate-change adaptation, rural development and the roles of trees and agroforestry. Rewards' schemes for environmental services (RES) in multifunctional landscapes, which provide incentives for maintaining or restoring multifunctionality, will contr...


Noordwijk, Meine vanHoang, Minh HaNeufeldt, HenryÖborn, IngridYatich, T.[How trees and people can co- adapt to climate change: reducing vulnerability through multifunctional agroforestry landscapes]How trees and people can co- adapt to climate change: reducing vulnerability through multifunctional agroforestry landscapes

The application of genetic markers such as allozymes and DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) markers has shown to be useful in studying genetic diversity in humans, animals and plants (Cruzan, 1998). This section of this manual attempts to give guidelines for choosing appropriate molecular tools for t...


Namkoong, G.Koshy, M.P.[Application of genetic markers to forest tree species: Draft report to IPGRI of the project Developing Decision-making Strategies on priorities for conservation and use of forest genetic resources]Application of genetic markers to forest tree species: Draft report to IPGRI of the project Developing Decision-making Strategies on priorities for conservation and use of forest genetic resources

The major limitation to ruminant production in many tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Australia is poor nutrition. Annual growth rates of animals are restricted by the low nitrogen and high fiber content of the native grasses and crop residues that form the basis of the diets in these regions....


McSweeney, C.S.Odenyo, A.A.Krause, D.O.[Rumen microbial responses to antinutritive factors in fodder trees and shrub legumes]Rumen microbial responses to antinutritive factors in fodder trees and shrub legumes

The tree component of agroforestry systems may interfere with N cycling in several ways. In alley cropping systems, first of all, the prunings added during the different activities have a certain biochemical quality and subsequent N release characteristics. Secondly, the quality of the complete o...


Vanlauwe, BernardSanginga, Nteranya[Impact of the tree component on N cycling in agroforestry systems under subhumid tropical conditions]Impact of the tree component on N cycling in agroforestry systems under subhumid tropical conditions

The Ngovayang Massif of southern Cameroon is a range of small hills near the Atlantic coast, in the Lower Guinea floristic region. This region is known to harbor forests with high levels of biodiversity and endemism, but this Massif is botanically poorly known. We assessed tree species diversity,...


Gonmadje, C.F.Doumenge, C.McKey, D.Tchouto, G.Sunderland, T.C.H.Balinga, M.Sonke, B.[Tree diversity and conservation value of Ngovanyang’s lowland forests, Cameroon]Tree diversity and conservation value of Ngovanyang’s lowland forests, Cameroon

A multidisciplinary team evaluated the role and use of exotic and indigenous trees in household livelihood systems in four villages, typical of three distinctly different ecosystems in Quang Tri Province, central Viet Nam. While in each case farmers used a great variety of trees and plants to mee...


Midgley, S.J.Byron, R.N.Chandler, F.C.Ha Huy ThinhTran Hung SonHoang Hong Hanh[Do plants need passport?: a socio-economic study of the role of exotic tree and other plants species in Quang Tri province, Vietnam]Do plants need passport?: a socio-economic study of the role of exotic tree and other plants species in Quang Tri province, Vietnam
Cossalter, C.[Enhancing tree planting by smallholders in tropical countries: a role for CIFOR's research in plantation forestry]Enhancing tree planting by smallholders in tropical countries: a role for CIFOR's research in plantation forestry

A study was carried out in a 20 year-old secondary forest situated on the campus of the University of Ucayali, 4 km from the city of Pucallpa, Peruvian Amazon. Botanical and ethno-botanical inventories were made of all trees greater than 10 cm dbh growing on an half hectare plot on very demineral...


Sánchez, J.G.Tournon, Jacques[Evaluacion fitosociologica y etnobotanica de un bosque secundario cerca de Pucalipa- Ucayali, Amazonz peruana]Evaluacion fitosociologica y etnobotanica de un bosque secundario cerca de Pucalipa- Ucayali, Amazonz peruana

Mathematical proofs show that rate estimates, for example of mortality and recruitment, will decrease with increasing census interval when obtained from censuses of non-homogeneous populations. This census interval effect could be confounding or perhaps even driving conclusions from comparative s...


Lewis, S.L.Phillips, O.L.Sheil, DouglasVinceti, B.Baker, T.R.Brown, S.Graham, A.W.Higuchi, N.Hilbert, D.W.Laurance, W.F.Lejoly, J.Malhi, Y.Monteagudo, A.Vargas, P. NÚÑEzSonke, B.Terborgh, J.W.Martínez, R.V.[Tropical forest tree mortality, recruitment and turnover rates: calculation, interpretation and comparison when census intervals vary]Tropical forest tree mortality, recruitment and turnover rates: calculation, interpretation and comparison when census intervals vary

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