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Development of anaemia in inflammatory diseases is cytokine-mediated. Specifically, the levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), produced by activated macrophages, are correlated with severity of disease and anaemia in infections and chronic disease. In African trypanosomiasis, anaemia...
C57BL/6 mice deficient in one or two copies of the gene for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were more susceptible to Trypanosoma congolense infection than their resistant, wild-type counterparts. The number of TNF-alpha genes was correlated with the capacity to control parasitaemia and ...
Natural resistance to African trypanosomiasis in certain Bos taurus cattle in West Africa, called trypanotolerance, may hold solutions for control of this economically crippling disease. Comparison of immune responses between trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible cattle have shown some differen...
A number of linkage studies in human populations have identified a locus ( pfbi) on Chromosome 5q31-q33 controlling Plasmodiun falciparum blood infection levels. This region contains numerous candidate genes encoding immunological molecules such as cytokines, growth factors and growth-factor rec...
To evaluate vaccinia virus as a delivery system for recombinant antigen in cattle, calves were immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) expressing the sporozoite surface antigen (p67) of Theileria parva (V-67) combined with those expressing bovine IL-4 (V-IL4) or IL-2 (V-IL2). The anti-p...
The mechanisms whereby trypanotolerant N'Dama cattle control infection with Trypanosoma congolense are unknown. Previous studies have suggested that the monocytes of N'Dama cattle are more highly activated during infection than those of trypanosus ceptible Boan cattle. However, we have recently r...
The protozoan parasite Theileria parva infects and transforms bovine lymphocytes, giving rise to a fatal lympho-proliferative condition known as East Coast fever. Although immune cattle mount strong cytolytic T. lymphocyte responses to the parasite, naive animals appear unable to respond and deve...
There is growing evidence that immunity of cattle to Cowdria ruminantium infection is mediated by T lymphocytes. C. ruminantium antigens that stimulate these responses are therefore of considerable importance to the development of a sub-unit vaccine against the disease. We have examined T cell re...
The membrane-associated form of the variable surface glycoprotein (mfVSG) from African trypanosomes is a potent macrophage activator capable of inducing production of tumor necrosis factor z (TNFalfa) in both bovine and murine models. Using a bovine model. we have re-investigated the hypothesis t...
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