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All reform countries in Central and Eastern Europe require a rapid and comprehensive restructuring of their public pension schemes for macroand microeconomic reasons. For the time being, however, progress in reform is very limited. The paper argues that pension reform, economic restructuring, and...

The heterogenous nature of their population is an important feature of Latin American and Caribbean countries. Overall demographic transition is late and lagged within countries in some population groups: aging is taking place at a relatively fast pace, with yet a large share of the labour force ...

The purpose of this paper is to describe and evaluate how public sector defined benefit pension plans are managed, and to assess possible implications of different pension management styles for promised pension benefits. The authors explore Ihe actuarial and economic assumptions employed by publi...

This paper reviews the structure and economic effects of the fullyfunded centralized public pension programs in several East Asian countries. The major weaknesses of these programs are variable and often inadequate replacement rates as well as poor population coverage. Aside from encouraging deve...

Given that the current official pension plan in Brazil is not feasible, several reform proposals have been recently submited. In a previous work, we have developed a scheme which has its fundamentals based on a market approach. A recurrent criticism to this proposal is centered on the fact that w...

This paper reviews the social insurance analysis of Multilateral Lending Institutions (MLI). It first describes a country's fiscal fundamentals. Consideration of how social insurance programs affect these fundamentals leads to the following conclusion: Social insurance programs cannot be meaningf...

The present article searchs to analyze - from the debate on the theory and the concept of education in the distance - the possibilities of intensive use of the EaD, in the context of the new public politics of education, as instrument of social inclusion in Brazil. It is verified, in this analysi...

Portugal has an active population with low levels of education, a specialized manufacturing pattern based on traditional sectors and firms of small and very small size. These characteristics have a strong impact on the improvement of innovations and on the university-industry relations which have...

This is article is a literature review of four entrepreneurship journal published between 2000 and 2008. A content analysis of the literature review is categorized in four competencies to be included in entrepreneurship education processes. The article use Pratt (1998) teaching model to identify ...

A great deal of �innovation failure� can be attributed to ineffective implementation, rather than failure of the innovation itself. External agencies such as technology diffusion agencies (TDAs) have been created to assist organisations to implement innovation successfully, but there has been lit...