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Background: Wastewater irrigation for vegetable production is a highly prevalent practice in Addis Ababa and a number of articles have been published on wastewater-irrigated soils and vegetables contaminated with heavy metals. However, to the best of our knowledge, an insight into assessment of h...


Woldetsadik, D.Drechsel, PayKeraita, Bernard N.Itanna, F.Gebrekidan, H.[Heavy metal accumulation and health risk assessment in wastewater-irrigated urban vegetable farming sites of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia]Heavy metal accumulation and health risk assessment in wastewater-irrigated urban vegetable farming sites of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

The government of Bangladesh is increasingly paying attention to the safe collection and disposal of fecal sludge from pit latrines in rural areas. In this paper, we report on current sludge disposal practices from single-pit latrines, by conducting a survey of 1,091 households with pit latrines ...


Balasubramanya, SoumyaEvans, E.Ahmed, R.Habib, A.Asad, N.S.M.Rahman, M.Hasan, M.Dey, D.Camargo-Valero, M.A.Rao, Krishna ChaitanyaFernando, Sudarshana[Take it away: the need for designing fecal sludge disposal services for single-pit latrines]Take it away: the need for designing fecal sludge disposal services for single-pit latrines

Chronic kidney disease of unknown (“u”) cause (CKDu) is a growing public health concern in Sri Lanka. Prior research has hypothesized a link with drinking water quality, but rigorous studies are lacking. This study assesses the relationship between nephrotoxic elements (namely arsenic (As), cadmi...


Rango, T.Jeuland, M.Manthrithilake, HerathMcCornick, Peter G.[Nephrotoxic contaminants in drinking water and urine, and chronic kidney disease in rural Sri Lanka]Nephrotoxic contaminants in drinking water and urine, and chronic kidney disease in rural Sri Lanka

Recovering nutrients, water and energy from domestic waste streams, including wastewater and faecal sludge, is slowly gaining momentum in low-income countries. Resource recovery and reuse (RRR) offers value beyond environmental benefits through cost recovery. An expected game changer in sanitatio...


Rao, Krishna C.Otoo, MiriamDrechsel, PayHanjra, Munir A.[Resource recovery and reuse as an incentive for a more viable sanitation service chain]Resource recovery and reuse as an incentive for a more viable sanitation service chain

Diarrhoea caused by waterborne pathogens still has a large burden of disease. We introduce a modelling and scenario analysis framework that enables better understanding of sources of and possible future changes in the disease burden due to environmental change and management implementation. The s...


Hofstra, N.Vermeulen, L.C.Derx, J.Florke, M.Mateo-Sagasta, JavierRose, J.Medema, G.[Priorities for developing a modelling and scenario analysis framework for waterborne pathogen concentrations in rivers worldwide and consequent burden of disease]Priorities for developing a modelling and scenario analysis framework for waterborne pathogen concentrations in rivers worldwide and consequent burden of disease

This paper provides an overview of policy responses to arsenic in groundwater in rural Bangladesh to assess their role and potential effectiveness in reducing exposure. With 97% of the country consuming groundwater for drinking, there is a continuing crisis of tens of millions of people exposed t...


Balasubramanya, SoumyaHorbulyk, Theodore M.[Groundwater arsenic in Bangladesh: what's new for policy research?]Groundwater arsenic in Bangladesh: what's new for policy research?

Objective Lao PDR’s recent accession to the World Trade Organization necessitates a greater understanding of the patterns and risk of livestock production in order to better align national policy with the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. This eco-health study w...


Okello, Anna LTiemann, Tassilo T.Inthavong, PhouthKhamlome, BoualamPhengvilaysouk, AmmalyKeonouchanh, SoukanhKeokhamphet, ChattouphoneSomoulay, VirasackBlaszak, KateBlacksell, Stuart D.Okello, Walter O.Allen, John[Integrating market chain assessments with zoonoses risk analysis in two cross-border pig value chains in Lao PDR]Integrating market chain assessments with zoonoses risk analysis in two cross-border pig value chains in Lao PDR

Vaccination services for people and livestock often fail to achieve sufficient coverages in Africa's remote rural settings because of financial, logistic, and service delivery constraints. In Chad from 2000 through 2005, we demonstrated the feasibility of combining vaccination programs for nomadi...


Schelling, E.Bechir, M.Ahmed, M.A.Wyss, K.Randolph, Thomas F.Zinsstag, Jakob[Human and animal vaccination delivery to remote nomadic families, Chad]Human and animal vaccination delivery to remote nomadic families, Chad

This analysis provides new estimates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence – including CKD of unknown etiology (CKDu) – across ten districts most affected by CKD in Sri Lanka, including an examination of rural households' historical reliance on groundwater consumption. A carefully designed h...


Kafle, KashiBalasubramanya, SoumyaHorbulyk, Ted[Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Sri Lanka: a profile of affected districts reliant on groundwater]Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Sri Lanka: a profile of affected districts reliant on groundwater

Consecutive outbreaks of acute aflatoxicosis in Kenya in 2004 and 2005 caused > 150 deaths. In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization convened a workgroup of international experts and health officials in Geneva, Switzerland, in July 2005. After ...


Strosnider, H.Azziz-Baumgartner, E.Bänziger, MarianneBhat, R.V.Breiman, R.Brune, M.DeCock, K.Dilley, A.Groopman, J.Hell, K.[Public health strategies for reducing aflatoxin exposure in developing countries: workgroup report]Public health strategies for reducing aflatoxin exposure in developing countries: workgroup report

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