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Ticks secrete a cement cone composed of many salivary proteins, some of which are rich in the amino acid glycine in order to attach to their hosts' skin. Glycine-rich proteins (GRPs) are a large family of heterogeneous proteins that have different functions and features; noteworthy are their adhe...


Maruyama, S.R.Anatriello, E.Anderson, J.M.Ribeiro, J.M.Bradao, L.G.Valenzuela, J.G.Ferreira, B.R.García, G.R.Szabo, M.J.P.Patel, S.Bishop, Richard P.Miranda Santos, I.K.F. de[The expression of genes coding for distinct types of glycine-rich proteins varies according to the biology of three metastriate ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Amblyomma cajennense]The expression of genes coding for distinct types of glycine-rich proteins varies according to the biology of three metastriate ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Amblyomma cajennense

Currently, several PCR based diagnostic assays have been developed to improve the detection of pathogenic trypanosomes. These tests include use of species specific primers, single and nested PCRs' based on primers amplifying the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA. This stu...


Thumbi, S.M.McOdimba, F.A.Mosi, R.O.Jung'a, J.O.[Comparative evaluation of three PCR base diagnostic assays for the detection of pathogenic trypanosomes in cattle blood]Comparative evaluation of three PCR base diagnostic assays for the detection of pathogenic trypanosomes in cattle blood

Studies on the epidemiology of African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) rarely consider the spatial dimension of disease prevalence. This problem is confounded by use of parasitological diagnostic methods of low sensitivity in field surveys. Here we report a study combining highly sensitive and speci...


Thumbi, S.M.Jung'a, J.O.Mosi, R.O.McOdimba, F.A.[Spatial distribution of African animal trypanosomiasis in Suba and Teso districts in Western Kenya]Spatial distribution of African animal trypanosomiasis in Suba and Teso districts in Western Kenya

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf) plays a pleiotropic role in murine malaria. Some investigations have correlated Tnf with hypothermia, hyperlactatemia, hypoglycemia, and a suppression of the erythropoietic response, although others have not. In this study, we have evaluated parasitemia, survival...


Hernández Valladares, M.Naessens, JanMusoke, A.J.Sekikawa, K.Rihet, P.Ole-MoiYoi, O.K.Busher, P.Iraqi, F.A.[Pathology of Tnf-deficient mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi adami 408XZ]Pathology of Tnf-deficient mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi adami 408XZ

To examine differences in cytokine profiles that may confer tolerance/susceptibility to bovine African trypanosomiasis, N'Dama (trypanotolerant, n = 8) and Boran (trypanosusceptible, n = 8) cattle were experimentally challenged with Trypanosoma congolense. Blood samples were collected over a 34-d...


O'Gorman, G.M.Park, S.D.E.Hill, E.W.Meade, K.G.Mitchell, L.C.Agaba, MorrisGibson, John P.Hanotte, Olivier H.Naessens, JanKemp, Stephen J.MacHugh, D.E.[Cytokine mRNA profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible cattle infected with Trypanosoma congolense]Cytokine mRNA profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible cattle infected with Trypanosoma congolense

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a tryptophan catabolizing enzyme, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders. IDO expression is induced by IFN-gamma and leads to neurotoxicity by generating quinolinic acid. Additionally, it inhibits the immune response through bo...


Yadav, M.C.Burudi, E.M.E.Alirezaei, M.Flynn, C.C.Watry, D.D.Lanigan, C.M.Fox, H.S.[IFN-gamma-induced IDO and WRS expression in microglia is differentially regulated by IL-4]IFN-gamma-induced IDO and WRS expression in microglia is differentially regulated by IL-4

As part of a study to assess zoonotic milk-borne health risks, seasonal survey data and unpasteurized milk samples were collected between January 1999 and February 2000 from randomly selected informal milk market agents (220 and 236 samples in the dry and wet seasons, respectively) and from house...


Arimi, S.M.Koroti, E.Kang'ethe, Erastus K.Omore, Amos O.McDermott, John J.[Risk of infection with Brucella abortus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with marketing of unpasteurized milk in Kenya]Risk of infection with Brucella abortus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with marketing of unpasteurized milk in Kenya
Fèvre, Eric M.Odiit, M.Coleman, P.G.Woolhouse, Mark E.J.Welburn, S.C.[Estimating the burden of rhodesiense sleeping sickness during an outbreak in Serere, eastern Uganda]Estimating the burden of rhodesiense sleeping sickness during an outbreak in Serere, eastern Uganda
Machila, N.Fèvre, Eric M.Maudlin, I.Eisler, M.C.[Farmer estimation of live bodyweight of cattle: Implications for veterinary drug dosing in East Africa]Farmer estimation of live bodyweight of cattle: Implications for veterinary drug dosing in East Africa

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC is the pathogenic agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), the most important disease of cattle in Africa causing significant economic losses. The re-emergence of CBPP in Europe in the 1980s and 1990s illustrates that it is still a threat also to c...


Schnee, C.Heller, M.Jores, JoergTomaso, H.Neubauer, H.[Assessment of a novel multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of the CBPP agent Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC through experimental infection in cattle]Assessment of a novel multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of the CBPP agent Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC through experimental infection in cattle

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