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For more than thirty years beginning in the early 70’s, the forests of Indonesia were administered and managed centrally; mirroring the centralistic characteristics of the way the Indonesian government had functioned during the same period. The first day of year 2001, however, marked a momentous ...
An economic crisis and political changes that have occurred in Indonesia since 1997 have presented grave dangers but also important opportunities for the country. On the one hand, the depreciation of the rupiah against the dollar is part of a drastic economic downturn, but on the other hand, it r...
Since the mid-1980s, policy discussions aimed at promoting sustainable forest management in Indonesia have focused almost exclusively on reforming the HPH (Hak Pengusahaan Hutan) timber concession system. Policy interventions proposed by the World Bank and other advocates of the “sustainable logg...
The forests of Indonesia have been a major source of foreign exchange and have provided substantial employment opportunities. But evidence indicates that commercial forest harvests in Indonesia have been carried out in an economically unsustainable manner. The dramatic economic and political chan...
In this chapter, the authors discuss the history of decentralization in Brazil, analyze the institutional and legal characteristics of the Brazilian political system concerning decentralization and build a theoretical framework for the case studies. Brazil has experienced cycles of centralization...
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