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The causes of Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions (60,000 to 11,650 years ago, hereafter 60 to 11.65 ka) remain contentious, with major phases coinciding with both human arrival and climate change around the world. The Americas provide a unique opportunity to disentangle these factors as huma...

The Antarctic Roadmap Challenges (ARC) project identified critical requirements to deliver high priority Antarctic research in the 21st century. The ARC project addressed the challenges of enabling technologies, facilitating access, providing logistics and infrastructure, and capitalizing on inte...

Record-low ozone column densities (with a minimum of 212 DU) persisted over three weeks at the Río Gallegos NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) station (51.5 S, 69.3 W) in November 2009. Total ozone remained two standard deviations below the climatological mea...

The individual elemental composition of insoluble airborne particulates found in King George Island (KGI), Antarctic Peninsula (atmosphere, snow, firn and ice deposits) and in the atmosphere of Chilean Patagonia by SEM-EDS analysis identify probable sources and transport mechanisms for the atmosp...

Given the potential significance of enzyme activities as a link between internal metabolic pathways and environmental nutrients, we investigated the relationships of nitrate reductase (NR) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) with primary production and inorganic nutrients in South Shetland Islands, Ant...

Dada la potencial importancia de la actividad enzimática de ensambles fitoplanctónicos, como indicador de su metabolismo interno dominante respecto de los nutrientes, este estudio investigó las relaciones entre la nitrato reductasa (NR) y la fosfatasa alcalina (FA) con la producción primaria y nu...

La parte más austral del cono sur de Sudamérica, que algunas veces se encuentra bajo la influencia del agujero de ozono antártico (AOA), ocasionalmente recibe altos niveles de radiación ultravioleta B (UV-B: 280-320nm). La Universidad de Magallanes en Punta Arenas, Chile (Lat. 53° S; Long. 70.9° ...

The most austral zone of the Southern Cone of South America, wich is sometimes under the influence of the Antarctic Ozone Hole (AOH), occasionally receives enhanced levels of ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B: 280-320 nm). Ultraviolet erythemal irradiance measurements began in 1999 by the University ...

Background: Antarctic marine organisms have evolved a variety of physiological, life-history and molecular adaptations that allow them to cope with the extreme conditions in one of the coldest and most temperaturestable marine environments on Earth. The increase in temperature of the Southern Oce...

Antarctica is recognized as being geopolitically and scientifically important, and as one of the regions with the greatest potential to affect and be affected by global climate change. Still, little is known in practice about how climate change will be handled within the main governance framework...

This paper presents an analysis of satellite and groundbased measurements of total O3 columns and the UV index of a unique event during the 2009 Antarctic O3 hole season. From 11 to 30 November 2009 the Antarctic vortex was located just south of the southern tip of South America rather than at it...