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To analyze the distribution of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)–seropositive dromedary camels in eastern Africa, we tested 189 archived serum samples accumulated during the past 30 years. We identified MERS-CoV neutralizing antibodies in 81.0% of samples from the main camel...


Muller, M.A.Corman, V.M.Jores, JoergMeyer, B.Younan, M.Liljander, Anne M.Bosch, B.J.Lattwein, E.Hilali, M.Musa, B.E.Bornstein, S.Drosten, C.[MERS coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in camels, eastern Africa, 1983-1997]MERS coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in camels, eastern Africa, 1983-1997

The spread of H5N1 avian influenza continues to pose an economic burden and a public health risk worldwide. Despite this, estimates of the transmissibility of infection exist in only a handful of settings and vary considerably. Using final size methods and flock-level infection data from a field ...


Walker, P.G.T.Jost, ChristineGhani, A.C.Cauchemez, S.Bett, Bernard K.Azhar, M.Murahman, J.Widiastuti, T.Daju, D.Mariner, Jeffrey C.[Estimating the transmissibility of H5N1 and effect of vaccination in Indonesia]Estimating the transmissibility of H5N1 and effect of vaccination in Indonesia

We quantified the between-village transmission rate, β (the rate of transmission of H5N1 HPAI virus per effective contact), and the reproductive number, Re (the average number of outbreaks caused by one infectious village during its entire infectious period), of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influ...


Bett, Bernard K.Henning, J.Abdu, P.Okike, I.Poole, Elizabeth J.Young, J.Randolph, Thomas F.Perry, Brian D.[Transmission rate and reproductive number of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus during the December 2005-July 2008 epidemic in Nigeria]Transmission rate and reproductive number of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus during the December 2005-July 2008 epidemic in Nigeria

Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 occurred in Nigeria between December 2005 and July 2008. We describe temporal and spatial characteristics of these outbreaks at State and Local Government Area (LGA) levels. A total of 25 of 37 States (67.6%; Exact 95% CI: 50.2–82.0%) and...


Henning, J.Bett, Bernard K.Okike, I.Abdu, P.Perry, Brian D.[Incidence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in Nigeria, 2005-2008]Incidence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in Nigeria, 2005-2008

We carried out a participatory risk assessment to estimate the risk (negative consequences and their likelihood) from zoonotic Cryptosporidium originating in dairy farms in urban Dagoretti, Nairobi to dairy farm households and their neighbours. We selected 20 households at high risk for Cryptospo...


Grace, DeliaMonda, J.Karanja, N.Randolph, Thomas F.Kang'ethe, Erastus K.[Participatory probabilistic assessment of the risk to human health associated with cryptosporidiosis from urban dairying in Dagoretti, Nairobi, Kenya]Participatory probabilistic assessment of the risk to human health associated with cryptosporidiosis from urban dairying in Dagoretti, Nairobi, Kenya

Diagnostic methods allowing for rapid identification of pathogens are crucial for controlling and preventing dissemination after disease outbreaks as well as for use in surveillance programs. For arboviruses, detection of the presence of virus in their arthropod hosts is important for monitoring ...


Mwaengo, D.Lorenzo, G.Iglesias, J.Warigia, M.Sang, R.Bishop, Richard P.Brun, A.[Detection and identification of Rift Valley fever virus in mosquito vectors by quantitative real-time PCR]Detection and identification of Rift Valley fever virus in mosquito vectors by quantitative real-time PCR

Taenia solium cysticercosis is a disease of pigs and humans populations considered endemic in many developing countries of Latin America, Africa, and South East Asia having serious impact on public health and agriculture. We conducted an in-depth comparative analysis of literature on the disease ...


Kungu, Joseph M.Dione, Michel M.Ocaido, M.Ejobi, F.[Status of Taenia solium cysticercosis and predisposing factors in developing countries involved in pig farming]Status of Taenia solium cysticercosis and predisposing factors in developing countries involved in pig farming

African swine fever virus used to occur primarily in Africa. There had been occasional incursions into Europe or America which apart from the endemic situation on the island of Sardinia always had been successfully controlled. But following an introduction of the virus in 2007, it now has expande...


Costard, S.Mur, L.Lubroth, J.Sánchez Vizcaino, J.M.Pfeiffer, Dirk U.[Epidemiology of African swine fever virus]Epidemiology of African swine fever virus

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a serious respiratory disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. Current vaccines against CBPP induce short-lived immunity and can cause severe postvaccine reactions. Previous studies have identified the N terminus of the transmemb...


Mulongo, M.Frey, J.Smith, K.Schnier, C.Wesonga, H.O.Naessens, JanMcKeever, Declan J.[Vaccination of cattle with the N terminus of LppQ of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides results in type III immune complex disease upon experimental infection]Vaccination of cattle with the N terminus of LppQ of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides results in type III immune complex disease upon experimental infection

Integrative management of wildlife and livestock requires a clear understanding of the diseases transmitted between the two populations. The tick-borne protozoan parasite Theileria parva causes two distinct diseases in cattle, East Coast fever and Corridor disease, following infection with parasi...


Sitt, T.Poole, Elizabeth J.Ndambuki, Gideon M.Mwaura, S.Njoroge, T.Omondi, G.P.Mutinda, M.Mathenge, J.Prettejohn, G.Morrison, W. IvanToye, Philip G.[Exposure of vaccinated and naive cattle to natural challenge from buffalo-derived Theileria parva]Exposure of vaccinated and naive cattle to natural challenge from buffalo-derived Theileria parva

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